The increasing demand of food causes an excessive exploitation of agricultural lands, often inducing phenomena of soil sickness accompanied by the development of soilborne diseases. The use of residual biomasses together with inorganic fertilizers can be considered a good agricultural practice for controlling the inoculum density of soilborne phytopathogens since soil conditioners can release inorganic nitrogen, polyphenols and fatty acids that, especially in vitro, have demonstrated various degree of suppressiveness against such pathogens. Further, soil organic amendments can also modify the population of soil culturable bacteria and fungi that, in turn, can affect the soilborne diseases in several ways. With this study, the authors aim to evaluate the impact of the synergistic application of different biomasses and inorganic fertilizers on the soil inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora spp. during two potato cycles under open-field conditions. The biomasses used for the fertilization of the potato crop were olive pomace residues (OPR), composts from municipal solid wastes (CMW), spent mushroom compost (SMC), and livestock manure-based compost (BRX). The inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae appeared inhibited by BRX due to its low C/N ratio that caused a quicker release of inorganic nitrogen with respect to the others soil conditioners. In contrast, OPR was conducive to the aforementioned soilborne pathogen since that biomass was characterized by a very high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids that, rather, stimulate the inoculum density of V. dahliae. Finally, polyphenols did not influence the same pathogen because they apparently turned into no toxic compounds very quickly. The inoculum density of Phytophthora spp. was reduced equally by all the biomasses used in combination with the inorganic fertilizers, regardless of their composition and quantity, mainly because of the development of general microbial suppression. Therefore, the chemical characteristics of the soil conditioners apparently did not affect the inoculum density of Phytophthora spp. The results of this work underline the behavioral diversity of the different pathogens towards the different means adopted. Phytophthora spp. are sensitive to any kind of biomasses combined with inorganic fertilizers while the inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae should be reduced using soil conditioners characterized by low C/N ratio and low quantity of unsaturated fatty acids.

中文翻译：

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有机和无机施肥对土壤传播的病原菌黄萎病菌和疫霉菌的土壤接种物密度的协同作用。在野外条件下

对食物的需求增加导致对农田的过度开发，常常诱发土壤病现象，伴随着土壤传播疾病的发展。可以将残留的生物量与无机肥料一起使用来控制土壤中植物病原体的接种密度是一种良好的农业实践，因为土壤改良剂会释放出无机氮，多酚和脂肪酸，尤其是在体外，已表现出不同程度的抑制作用病原体。此外，土壤有机改良剂还可以改变土壤可培养细菌和真菌的数量，进而可以多种方式影响土壤传播的疾病。通过这项研究，作者旨在评估不同生物量和无机肥料的协同施用对黄萎病菌和疫霉菌土壤接种密度的影响。在露天条件下的两个马铃薯周期中。用于马铃薯作物施肥的生物质为橄榄渣残渣（OPR），城市固体废物堆肥（CMW），废蘑菇堆肥（SMC）和牲畜粪便堆肥（BRX）。由于其低的C / N比，相对于其他土壤改良剂，大黄萎病菌的接种密度似乎因B / C比低而受到抑制。相反，OPR有利于上述土壤传播的病原体，因为生物量的特征在于很高比例的不饱和脂肪酸，刺激大丽菌的接种密度。最后，多酚不会影响同一病原体，因为它们显然很快变成了无毒化合物。疫霉菌的接种密度。不论其成分和数量如何，与无机肥料组合使用的所有生物量均会导致其平均减少，这主要是由于一般微生物抑制的发展。因此，土壤改良剂的化学特性显然不影响疫霉菌的接种密度。这项工作的结果强调了不同病原体在采用不同手段方面的行为差异。疫霉属