Background: Overweight (Ow) and obesity among adults and children increases the risk of metabolic consequences. Metabolic syndrome (MS) and impaired glucose metabolism are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MS and impaired glucose metabolism among Ow and obese (Ob) children and adolescents (aged 10–17 years) in Lithuania, and to evaluate the associations between insulin resistance (IR) indices and anthropometric parameters as well as metabolic disturbances. Methods: The study population consisted of 344 OwOb children and adolescents of all pubertal stages. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), IR and β cell function indices, lipid profile, and anthropometric parameters of all subjects were analyzed. MS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation consensus guidelines. Results: MS was found in 21.3% of the OwOb children and adolescents, and 12.1% had impaired glucose metabolism (6.9% with impaired fasting glucose, 4.5% with impaired glucose tolerance, and 0.6% with type 2 diabetes). IR was directly related to body mass index and waist circumference, waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios, and sum of skin-fold thicknesses. Children with MS were more insulin-resistant, had higher odds ratio for prediabetes and had a more disturbed lipid profile than subjects without MS. Moreover, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the more mature OwOb adolescents. Conclusion: MS and lipid profile disturbances are common in OwOb children and adolescents. MS is directly associated with IR. Therefore, OwOb children and adolescents should be carefully followed up for metabolic abnormalities during late childhood as these can persist into adulthood.
Obes Facts

中文翻译：

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立陶宛 10 至 17 岁超重和肥胖儿童和青少年中代谢综合征和葡萄糖代谢受损的患病率

背景：成人和儿童的超重 (Ow) 和肥胖会增加代谢后果的风险。代谢综合征 (MS) 和葡萄糖代谢受损是众所周知的心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病的危险因素。本研究的目的是评估立陶宛 Ow 和肥胖 (Ob) 儿童和青少年（10-17 岁）中 MS 和糖代谢受损的患病率，并评估胰岛素抵抗 (IR) 指数与人体测量学之间的关联。参数以及代谢紊乱。方法：研究人群包括 344 名处于所有青春期的 OwOb 儿童和青少年。分析了所有受试者的口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)、IR 和 β 细胞功能指数、脂质特征和人体测量参数。MS 是根据国际糖尿病联盟共识指南定义的。结果：在 21.3% 的 OwOb 儿童和青少年中发现 MS，12.1% 有糖代谢受损（6.9% 有空腹血糖受损，4.5% 有糖耐量受损，0.6% 有 2 型糖尿病）。IR与体重指数和腰围、腰高和腰臀比以及皮褶厚度总和直接相关。与没有 MS 的受试者相比，患有 MS 的儿童更具有胰岛素抵抗性，发生前驱糖尿病的几率更高，并且血脂状况更加紊乱。此外，更成熟的 OwOb 青少年的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显着降低。结论：MS 和血脂异常在 OwOb 儿童和青少年中很常见。MS 与 IR 直接相关。因此，应仔细跟踪 OwOb 儿童和青少年在童年后期的代谢异常，因为这些异常可能持续到成年。
肥胖事实