After a dispute between India and Pakistan broke out concerning overflight rights, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Secretariat reviewed 204 bilateral aeronautical agreements between 1941 and 1951 and listed them according to the categories of dispute resolution clauses that they contained. Around 68 years have passed and the ICAO Council has exercised its dispute settlement power in multiple occasions. This article builds upon the research carried out by the ICAO Secretariat, which it supplements with up-to-date data of 709 agreements. It then provides a typology, a study of different types, of bilateral air services agreements (ASAs). The article concludes that the use of international arbitration is the primary forum for dispute resolution chosen by drafters of bilateral ASAs. However, a look at the cases brought to ad hoc arbitration reveals deficiencies, which leads us to discuss potential institutionalized reforms.

中文翻译：

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双边航空运输协议下的争议如何解决？类型学

在印巴之间就飞越权发生争端后，国际民航组织（ICAO）秘书处审查了 1941 年至 1951 年之间的 204 项双边航空协定，并根据其中包含的争端解决条款的类别列出了它们。大约 68 年过去了，国际民航组织理事会在多个场合行使了解决争端的权力。本文以国际民航组织秘书处开展的研究为基础，并补充了 709 项协议的最新数据。然后，它提供了一种类型学，即对不同类型的双边航空服务协议 (ASA) 的研究。文章的结论是，使用国际仲裁是双边 ASAs 起草者选择的主要争议解决论坛。然而，