All current approaches for statically enforcing differential privacy in higher order languages make use of either linear or relational refinement types. A barrier to adoption for these approaches is the lack of support for expressing these "fancy types" in mainstream programming languages. For example, no mainstream language supports relational refinement types, and although Rust and modern versions of Haskell both employ some linear typing techniques, they are inadequate for embedding enforcement of differential privacy, which requires "full" linear types a la Girard/Reynolds. We propose a new type system that enforces differential privacy, avoids the use of linear and relational refinement types, and can be easily embedded in mainstream richly typed programming languages such as Scala, OCaml and Haskell. We demonstrate such an embedding in Haskell, demonstrate its expressiveness on case studies, and prove that our type-based enforcement of differential privacy is sound.

中文翻译：

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独奏：在没有特殊类型的情况下实施差异隐私

当前所有用于以更高阶语言静态执行差异隐私的方法都使用线性或关系精炼类型。采用这些方法的一个障碍是缺乏对在主流编程语言中表达这些“奇特类型”的支持。例如，没有主流语言支持关系精化类型，尽管Rust和Haskell的现代版本都采用了一些线性类型化技术，但是它们不足以嵌入差分隐私的实施，而差分隐私需要“完整”线性类型，如la Girard / Reynolds。我们提出了一种新类型的系统，该系统可强制执行差异性隐私，避免使用线性和关系提炼类型，并且可以轻松地嵌入主流的富类型编程语言中，例如Scala，OCaml和Haskell。