Enhanced frequency and intensity of freeze-thaw cycle (FTC) owing to global climate change may influence soil carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of soil C and P cycling in response to FTC is still lacking. Here, we compiled data of 2471 observations from 75 publications and conducted a meta-analysis on the responses of soil C and P cycling and the stoichiometry of C, N and P cycling to FTC. Results showed that experimental FTC significantly increased soil dissolved organic C (+38%), instant and cumulative CH₄ (+41% and +59%, respectively), dissolved organic C leaching (+62%), total salt-extractable P (+27%), dissolved organic P (+9.4%), leaching of dissolved total P (+312%), dissolved organic P (+30%), and dissolved inorganic P (+115%), and the ratio of available N to P (+21%). In contrast, soil microbial biomass C (−10%), cellulase activity (−16%), microbial biomass P (−10%), and the ratio of microbial biomass C to nitrogen (−8.1%) significantly decreased under FTC treatments. The likely reason for the increases in soluble soil C and P after FTC is the C and P release from dead soil microorganisms and changes in soil structure enhancing organic matter availability. The mean effect size of FTC generally increased with increasing FTC intensity, which was probably also the main reason for higher responses of soil C and P pools and fluxes to FTC observed in laboratory than in field experiments. However, mean effect sizes of FTC generally decreased with increasing duration and frequency of FTC, very likely due to substrate depletion through microbial uptake and leaching. The results of this meta-analysis contribute to a better understanding of the overall responses of soil C and P pools and fluxes to FTC, providing the basis for more accurate prediction of the impacts of future global climate change on biogeochemical cycles.

由于全球气候变化，冻融循环（FTC）的频率和强度增加，可能会影响陆地生态系统中土壤碳（C）和磷（P）的循环。但是，仍然缺乏对土壤F和F循环的土壤C和P的全面了解。在这里，我们汇总了来自75个出版物的2471个观测值的数据，并对土壤C和P循环的响应以及C，N和P循环对FTC的化学计量进行了荟萃分析。结果表明，实验性FTC显着增加了土壤可溶性有机碳（+ 38％），瞬时和累积CH _4的含量。（分别为+ 41％和+ 59％），溶解的有机C浸出（+ 62％），总盐可萃取P（+ 27％），溶解的有机P（+ 9.4％），溶解的总P浸出（+312 ％），溶解的有机P（+ 30％）和溶解的无机P（+ 115％），以及有效氮与磷的比率（+ 21％）。相反，在FTC处理下，土壤微生物量C（-10％），纤维素酶活性（-16％），微生物量P（-10％）和微生物量C与氮的比率（-8.1％）显着降低。FTC后可溶性土壤碳和磷增加的可能原因是死土壤微生物释放的碳和磷以及土壤结构的变化提高了有机质的利用率。FTC的平均效应大小通常随FTC强度的增加而增加，这可能是在实验室中观察到的土壤C和P池以及通量对FTC的响应比现场试验更高的主要原因。但是，FTC的平均效应大小通常随FTC持续时间和频率的增加而减小，这很可能是由于微生物吸收和浸出导致的底物耗竭所致。这项荟萃分析的结果有助于更好地理解土壤C和P池以及通量对FTC的总体响应，为更准确地预测未来全球气候变化对生物地球化学循环的影响提供了基础。