Seasonally dry tropical forests are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to the effects of anthropogenic disturbances, and yet their biodiversity is still poorly known. In this study we investigated the composition, activity, structure, and effect of seasonality in mosquitoes’ assemblages of a conservation Caatinga domain unit. The collections consisted of the monthly installation of two Shannon traps, set at a distance of 8 km between them, and operated by two captors, who collected simultaneously for 3 h (17:00h to 20:00h), totaling 288 h of sampling over two years. In total, 1261 specimens belonging to at least 20 sp. of the subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae were captured. Culicinae was the most representative subfamily, with 99.3% of all collected specimens, while for Anophelinae only nine specimens of the species Anopheles albitarsis Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878 s.l. were registered. Among the species of Culicinae, Aedes scapularis was the most abundant (39.9%), followed by Mansonia wilsoni (21.6%), Culex spp. (12.8%) and Aedes taeniorhynchus (12.4%). The Culicidae assemblage was more abundant and diverse in the wettest months and the twilight hours (17:00h to 18:00h). Our data indicate that Anopheles species are sensitive to Caatinga arid conditions and that mosquito populations are controlled by rainfall.

季节性干燥的热带森林是最容易受到人为干扰影响的生态系统之一，但其生物多样性仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了保护性Caatinga域单元的蚊子组合的组成，活动，结构和季节性的影响。收集包括每月安装两个香农陷阱，两个香农陷阱之间的距离为8公里，由两名捕获者操作，他们同时收集了3小时（17：00h至20：00h），总共进行了288小时的采样两年 总共有1261个样本至少属于20 sp。捕获了按蚊科和按蚊科。葫芦科是最具代表性的亚科，占所有标本的99.3％，而按蚊科只有9个标本。登记了按蚊按蚊LynchArribálzaga，1878 sl。在Culicinae的物种中，肩ed伊蚊最丰富（39.9％），其次是Mansonia wilsoni（21.6％），Culex spp。（12.8％）和伊蚊（12.4％）。在最潮湿的月份和黄昏时段（17：00h至18：00h），葫芦科的种群更加丰富多样。我们的数据表明按蚊属物种对卡廷加干旱条件敏感，蚊子的数量受降雨控制。