During the spray process, many factors control the disintegration of the liquid sheet at the exit of a nozzle operating in an ambient atmosphere. Understanding the role of these parameters has significant implications on the spray quality. In particular, in agricultural applications, the formation of finer spray droplets during breakup increases the risk of potential off-target movement of the spray as finer droplets can be carried by wind, travel long distances, and deposit on neighboring crops and vegetation. Herein, we provide a review of liquid sheet breakup with a focus on factors that influence the average droplet size distribution in agricultural sprays, seeking to reduce off-target spray drift. In Section I, we introduce key droplet size metrics relevant to spray drift as well as the general physical mechanisms of liquid sheet breakup. Next, we discuss factors that influence both spray sheet breakup and droplet size distributions, separated into non-chemical (process-dependent) factors in Section II and chemical (formulation-dependent) factors in Section III. Non-chemical factors include the geometry of the nozzle, operating pressure, gas aeration, and the temperatures of the sprayed liquid and the ambient gas. Chemical factors include viscosity, surface tension, and the presence of inhomogeneities in the spray media, such as oil emulsions and solid particles. In Section IV, we further examine the role of surfactants in these spray breakup events, with an extended focus on those containing emulsified oils typical of drift-reduction adjuvants, additives used to enhance the effectiveness of pesticides. The role of surfactant transport on resultant drop sizes, and potential characterization of these transport processes with time-dependent versions of the bridging, entering, and spreading coefficients are provided. Finally, methods are given for measuring dynamic surface tension and interfacial tensions at appropriate length and timescales for calculating the dynamic coefficients.

在喷雾过程中，许多因素控制着在环境大气中操作的喷嘴出口处的液层分解。了解这些参数的作用对喷雾质量具有重要意义。特别是在农业应用中，破碎过程中形成更细的喷雾液滴会增加喷雾潜在的脱靶运动的风险，因为更细的液滴可以被风携带、长距离传播并沉积在邻近的作物和植被上。在此，我们回顾了液片破裂，重点关注影响农业喷雾中平均液滴尺寸分布的因素，以期减少脱靶喷雾漂移。在第一节中，我们介绍了与喷雾漂移相关的关键液滴尺寸指标以及液层破裂的一般物理机制。接下来，我们讨论影响喷雾片破碎和液滴尺寸分布的因素，分为第二部分中的非化学（过程相关）因素和第三部分中的化学（配方相关）因素。非化学因素包括喷嘴的几何形状、工作压力、气体曝气以及喷射液体和环境气体的温度。化学因素包括粘度、表面张力以及喷雾介质中存在的不均匀性，例如油乳液和固体颗粒。在第四部分中，我们进一步研究了表面活性剂在这些喷雾破裂事件中的作用，并进一步关注那些含有典型的降低漂移助剂的乳化油的表面活性剂，这些添加剂用于提高杀虫剂的有效性。表面活性剂传输对所得液滴尺寸的作用，提供了这些传输过程的潜在特征，以及桥接、进入和传播系数的时间相关版本。最后，给出了在适当的长度和时间尺度上测量动态表面张力和界面张力的方法，以计算动态系数。