Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national GHG inventories, emission and removal estimates based on scientific data following specific reporting guidance under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, using the methodologies defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Often however, research communities and inventory agencies have approached the problem of climate change from different angles and by using terminologies, metrics, rules and approaches that do not always match. This is particularly true dealing with “Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry” (LULUCF), the most challenging among the inventory sectors to deal with, mainly because of high level of complexity of its carbon dynamics and the difficulties in disaggregating the fluxes between those caused by natural and anthropogenic processes.

In this paper, we facilitate the understanding by research communities of the current (UNFCCC) and future (under the Paris Agreement) reporting requirements, and we identify the main issues and topics that should be considered when targeting improvement of the GHG inventory.

In relation to these topics, we describe where and how the research community can contribute to producing useful inputs, data, methods and solutions for inventory agencies and policy makers, on the basis of available literature. However, a greater effort by both communities is desirable for closer cooperation and collaboration, for data sharing and the understanding of respective and common aims.

温室气体 (GHG) 排放清单代表了国家和国际气候变化政治行动与气候和环境科学之间的联系。清单机构需要根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）和《巴黎协定》下的具体报告指南，使用政府间气候委员会中定义的方法，将基于科学数据的排放和清除估算纳入国家温室气体清单更改 (IPCC) 指南。然而，研究团体和清单机构通常从不同的角度并通过使用并不总是匹配的术语、指标、规则和方法来处理气候变化问题。在处理“土地利用、土地利用变化和林业”（LULUCF）时尤其如此，

在本文中，我们促进了研究界对当前（UNFCCC）和未来（根据巴黎协定）报告要求的理解，并确定了在针对改进 GHG 清单时应考虑的主要问题和主题。

关于这些主题，我们根据现有文献描述了研究界可以在何处以及如何为清单机构和政策制定者提供有用的输入、数据、方法和解决方案做出贡献。然而，为了更密切的合作与协作、数据共享以及对各自和共同目标的理解，需要两个社区做出更大的努力。