The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted tourism and leisure activities worldwide, especially in the hospitality sector. This paper has a conceptual and empirical motivation based on two objectives. First, it identifies several of the primary factors behind the vulnerability of tourism to COVID-19 (tourism dependency, market structure, the supply of rural accommodation, and health incidence of the pandemic). Second, it constructs a vulnerability index to COVID-19 using Spain and its 50 provinces as case. The main results obtained indicate that tourism to the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, the provinces of the Mediterranean coast, and Madrid, in which the state capital is located, present higher vulnerability to COVID-19, yet with different underlying factors. Our methodology and results are of interest to policymakers in terms of the short- and medium-term strategic policies that can be employed to mitigate current and future shocks.

COVID-19 大流行极大地影响了全球的旅游和休闲活动，尤其是在酒店业。本文具有基于两个目标的概念和经验动机。首先，它确定了旅游业对 COVID-19 脆弱性背后的几个主要因素（旅游业依赖、市场结构、农村住宿供应和大流行的健康发生率）。其次，它以西班牙及其 50 个省份为案例构建了 COVID-19 的脆弱性指数。获得的主要结果表明，前往巴利阿里群岛、加那利群岛、地中海沿岸省份和州府所在地马德里的旅游业对 COVID-19 的脆弱性更高，但具有不同的潜在因素。