At ∼16–17 Mpc from us, the Virgo cluster is a formidable source of information to study cluster formation and galaxy evolution in rich environments. Several observationally driven formation scenarios arose within the past decade to explain the properties of galaxies that entered the cluster recently and the nature of the last significant merger that the cluster underwent. Confirming these scenarios requires extremely faithful numerical counterparts of the cluster. This paper presents the first clone, Constrained LOcal and Nesting Environment, simulation of the Virgo cluster within a ∼15 Mpc radius sphere. This cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, with feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei, with a ∼3 × 107 M⊙ dark matter particle mass and a minimum cell size of 350 pc in the zoom region, reproduces Virgo within its large-scale environment unlike a random cluster simulation. Overall the distribution of the simulated galaxy population matches the observed one including M87. The simulated cluster formation reveals exquisite agreements with observationally driven scenarios: within the last Gyr, about 300 small galaxies (M* > 107 M⊙) entered the cluster, most of them within the last 500 Myr. The last significant merger event occurred about 2 Gyr ago: a group with a tenth of the mass of today’s cluster entered from the far side as viewed from the Milky Way. This excellent numerical replica of Virgo will permit studying different galaxy type evolution (jellyfish, backsplash, etc.) as well as feedback phenomena in the cluster core via unbiased comparisons between simulated and observed galaxies and hot gas phase profiles to understand this great physics laboratory.

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I – 室女座星系团的流体动力学克隆，以确认观测驱动的形成情景

处女座星团距离我们大约 16-17 Mpc，是研究丰富环境中星团形成和星系演化的强大信息来源。在过去十年中出现了几种由观测驱动的形成情景，以解释最近进入星团的星系的特性以及星团最后一次重大合并的性质。确认这些场景需要非常忠实的集群数值对应物。本文介绍了第一个克隆，即约束局部和嵌套环境，在 ∼15 Mpc 半径范围内模拟处女座集群。这种宇宙学流体动力学模拟，来自超新星和活动星系核的反馈，在变焦区域具有 ∼3 × 107 M⊙ 暗物质粒子质量和 350 pc 的最小单元大小，与随机集群模拟不同，它在其大规模环境中重现 Virgo。总体而言，模拟星系群的分布与观测到的星系群分布相匹配，包括 M87。模拟的星团形成与观测驱动的情景非常吻合：在最后一个 Gyr 内，大约有 300 个小星系（M* > 107 M⊙）进入星团，其中大部分在最后一个 500 Myr 内。最后一次重要的合并事件发生在大约 2 Gyr 之前：从银河系看，一个质量为今天星团十分之一的星系团从远处进入。这个出色的处女座数值复制品将允许研究不同星系类型的演化（水母、后挡板等）。