The understanding of earthquake physics is hindered by the poor knowledge of fault strength and temperature evolution during seismic slip. Experiments reproducing seismic velocity (∼1 m/s) allow us to measure both the evolution of fault strength and the associated temperature increase due to frictional heating. However, temperature measurements were performed with techniques having insufficient spatial and temporal resolution. Here we conduct high velocity friction experiments on Carrara marble rock samples sheared at 20 MPa normal stress, velocity of 0.3 and 6 m/s, and 20 m of total displacement. We measured the temperature evolution of the fault surface at the acquisition rate of 1 kHz and over a spatial resolution of ∼40 µm with an optical fiber conveying the infrared radiation to a two‐color pyrometer. Temperatures up to 1,250°C and low coseismic fault shear strength are compatible with the activation of grain size dependent viscous creep.

中文翻译：

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碳酸盐岩模拟地震期间的快速局部温度测量

对地震滑动过程中断层强度和温度演化的了解不足阻碍了对地震物理学的理解。再现地震速度（∼1 m/s）的实验使我们能够测量断层强度的演变以及由于摩擦加热而导致的相关温度升高。然而，温度测量是使用空间和时间分辨率不足的技术进行的。在这里，我们对在 20 MPa 正应力、0.3 和 6 m/s 速度以及 20 m 总位移下剪切的卡拉拉大理石岩石样品进行高速摩擦实验。我们使用光纤将红外辐射传输到双色高温计，以 1 kHz 的采集速率和约 40 µm 的空间分辨率测量了断层表面的温度演变。高达 1,250°C 的温度和低同震断层剪切强度与晶粒尺寸相关的粘性蠕变的激活相容。