We explore the changes in Southern Ocean upwelling patterns during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and early deglaciation using a fully coupled climate model with ocean eddies parameterized via the Gent‐McWilliams scheme. Relative to the preindustrial climate, the model simulates an equatorward shift of the upwelling of the residual circulation in the Southern Ocean during the LGM, which is consistent with paleo‐evidence of export production. This change in upwelling primarily arose from an altered eddy‐induced meridional overturning circulation (MOC) that resulted from the expanded sea ice and enhanced buoyancy loss around Antarctica during the LGM, which modulated the slope of buoyancy surface in the Southern Ocean. We have also found that there was a poleward shift of the upwelling of the residual circulation in the Southern Ocean during the early deglaciation, which was different than the change in the wind‐driven upwelling and primarily driven by variations in the eddy‐induced MOC.

中文翻译：

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在最后一次冰期最大值和早期冰消期模拟的南洋上升流：涡旋引起的上覆环流的作用

我们使用完全耦合的气候模型和通过Gent-McWilliams方案参数化的海洋涡流，探索了最后一次冰期最大值（LGM）和早期冰消期间南大洋上升模式的变化。相对于工业化前的气候，该模型模拟了LGM期间南大洋中残留循环上升的赤道偏移，这与出口生产的古证据相一致。上升流的这种变化主要是由于在LGM期间南极周围海冰的扩张和浮力损失的增加引起了涡旋引起的子午翻转循环（MOC）的变化，这调节了南大洋的浮力表面的坡度。