Based on eddy‐rich (0.1° horizontal resolution for ocean) Community Earth System Model simulations, we compute the Ekman pumping induced vertical eddy heat flux using two formulations: the classical and the Stern‐Ekman pumping. The two mechanisms yield similar patterns in the eddy‐induced vertical heat flux, showing strong upward heat flux in ocean frontal regions such as the western boundary current regions. Using the Gulf Stream Extension region as an example, we estimate (1) the Stern‐Ekman pumping induced eddy heat flux is 23% and 12% of the total vertical eddy heat flux at 50 m depth during summer and winter, respectively; (2) the classical Ekman pumping accounts for 82% and 88% of the Stern‐Ekman pumping induced eddy heat flux at 50 m during summer and winter, respectively. The second finding indicates eddy current feedback on wind stress is the primary cause for the upward eddy heat flux generated by Ekman pumping.

中文翻译：

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两种埃克曼泵浦感应涡流对总垂直涡流的贡献

基于涡旋（海洋水平分辨率为0.1°）社区地球系统模型模拟，我们使用两种公式计算了埃克曼泵浦引起的垂直涡流热通量：经典和斯特恩-埃克曼泵浦。两种机制在涡流引起的垂直热通量中产生相似的模式，显示出在西边界洋流区等海洋前沿区域强烈的向上热通量。以墨西哥湾流扩展区为例，我们估计（1）在夏季和冬季，在50 m深度处，斯特恩-埃克曼抽水诱导的涡流热通量分别为总垂直涡流热通量的23％和12％；（2）在夏季和冬季，传统的埃克曼抽水在50 m处分别占斯特恩-埃克曼抽水引起的涡流热通量的82％和88％。