The influences of progenitor filtering, domestication selection and the boundaries of nature on the domestication of grain crops,Functional Ecology

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The influences of progenitor filtering, domestication selection and the boundaries of nature on the domestication of grain crops
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13819
Lucas A. Garibaldi _{1,

2} , Marcelo A. Aizen _{3,

4} , Agustín Sáez ₃ , Gabriela Gleiser ₃ , Marina M. Strelin ₃ , Lawrence D. Harder ₅

Affiliation

Domestication generally involves two sequential processes: initial identification of wild species with desirable characteristics (‘progenitor filtering’) and subsequent artificial and natural selection that, respectively, improve features preferred by humans and adapt species to cultivation/captivity (‘domestication selection’). Consequently, domesticated species can differ from wild species and may share characteristics owing to convergent evolution (‘domestication syndrome’). Baring evolutionary constraints, domestication selection may generate extreme phenotypes that transcend the ‘boundaries of nature’ evident for wild species. Despite evidence of domestication syndromes in some clades, broader contributions of progenitor filtering and domestication selection to characteristics of contemporary domesticated species have received limited attention.
Using comparative analysis of 49 grain-crop and 87 wild annual plant species from 15 families, we (1) addressed whether plants of crop and wild species differ for mean seed number, per-seed mass and total seed-mass investment; (2) assessed contributions of (a) progenitor filtering and (b) domestication selection to these differences; (3) evaluated whether crop characteristics exceed the boundaries of nature and (4) assessed whether seed-production characteristics of grain crops constitute components of a generic domestication syndrome.
On average, grain-crop plants produce heavier seeds and greater total seed mass than wild species, but seed number per plant does not differ. Comparison of wild species between genera with or without crop species found no evidence of progenitor filtering. In contrast, crop species differed from congeneric wild species for the mass traits, but not for seed number. Greater seed investment by crops is consistent with artificial selection for enhanced seed yield (mass per harvested area), whereas heavier individual seeds suggest selection for improved nutritional quality and (or) adaptation to cultivation environments.
Seed number–size characteristics of grain-crop species lie within the bivariate variation among wild species and so do not exceed the boundaries of nature. Seed number and size varied similarly between species types and generally aligned with seed-investment isoclines, suggesting an upper investment limit.
Despite greater average investment in seed production and individual seeds by grain-crop species, seed-production characteristics did not vary less among crop species than among wild species, which is inconsistent with a common domestication syndrome.

中文翻译：

祖先过滤、驯化选择和自然边界对粮食作物驯化的影响

驯化通常涉及两个连续过程：初步鉴定具有理想特征的野生物种（“祖先过滤”）和随后的人工和自然选择，分别改善人类偏好的特征并使物种适应栽培/圈养（“驯化选择”）。因此，驯化物种可能与野生物种不同，并且可能由于趋同进化（“驯化综合症”）而具有相同的特征。除了进化限制，驯化选择可能会产生超越野生物种明显的“自然边界”的极端表型。尽管在某些进化枝中有驯化综合征的证据，
通过对来自 15 科的 49 种粮食作物和 87 种野生一年生植物物种的比较分析，我们 (1) 解决了作物和野生物种的植物在平均种子数、单粒质量和总种子质量投资方面是否存在差异；(2) (a) 祖先过滤和 (b) 驯化选择对这些差异的评估贡献；(3) 评估作物特性是否超出自然边界； (4) 评估粮食作物的种子生产特性是否构成一般驯化综合征的组成部分。
平均而言，粮食作物植物比野生物种产生更重的种子和更大的总种子质量，但每株植物的种子数没有差异。比较有或没有作物物种的属之间的野生物种没有发现祖先过滤的证据。相比之下，作物物种在质量性状上与同类野生物种不同，但在种子数量上没有。作物对种子投资的增加与人工选择是一致的，以提高种子产量（每收获面积的质量），而更重的单个种子表明选择是为了提高营养质量和（或）适应栽培环境。
粮食作物物种的种子数量-大小特征位于野生物种之间的二元变异范围内，因此不会超出自然边界。种子数量和大小在物种类型之间变化相似，并且通常与种子投资等倾线一致，表明存在投资上限。
尽管粮食作物物种在种子生产和单个种子方面的平均投资更大，但作物物种之间的种子生产特征并不比野生物种间的差异小，这与常见的驯化综合症不一致。

更新日期：2021-05-03

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