Characterising and communicating the potential hazard posed by potentially toxic elements in indoor dusts from schools across Lagos, Nigeria,Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts

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Characterising and communicating the potential hazard posed by potentially toxic elements in indoor dusts from schools across Lagos, Nigeria
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-4-22 , DOI: 10.1039/d0em00445f
Abimbola O Famuyiwa ₁ , Jane A Entwistle

Affiliation

Ambient and indoor air pollution results in an estimated 7 million premature deaths globally each year, representing a major contemporary public health challenge, but one poorly quantified from a toxicological and source perspective. Indoor exposure represents possibly the greatest potential overall exposure, yet our indoor environments are still poorly understood, modelled and characterized. In rapidly growing cities, such as Lagos, Nigeria, environmental monitoring can play an important role in establishing baseline data, monitoring urban pollution trends and in environmental education. Classroom dust samples were collected from 40 locations from across the twenty local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos, in June 2019. The aim of the study was to assess the potential hazard posed by PTE in indoor dusts and to develop a suitable risk communication strategy to inform and educate the public, promoting environmental health literacy. Concentrations of total PTE in indoor dusts were assessed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry. Oral bioaccessibility determinations using the unified BARGE method, and analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were also performed on the dust samples to determine the fraction available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Results showed that the indoor dust samples were largely uncontaminated, with only few exceptions (2 samples). Enrichment factor pollution trend for the total PTE concentrations was in the order of Pb > Zn > U > Cr > Cu > Ba > Mn > V > As > Cd > Ni > Al. Source apportionment studies using factor analysis suggests concentrations of Al, As, Fe, Mn, Ni, and U may be influenced largely by lithogenic factors, while Cd, Cu and Pb originated principally from anthropogenic sources. Chromium, V and Zn appear to originate from mixed sources of both lithogenic and anthropogenic origin. Our oral bioaccessibility determinations indicate that the assumption of 100% bioavailability based on pseudototal or total concentrations would overestimate the hazard potential of PTE in these indoor dusts. Zinc was the most bioaccessible PTE (mean of 88%), with Mn (57%), Pb (48%), Ba (48%), Al (41%), As (37%), Cu (36%), Ni (28%), Cr (10%) and Fe (7%) the least bioaccessible. Human health risk assessment, for both children and adults using the bioaccessible fraction, showed values to be within acceptable risk levels.

中文翻译：

表征并传达尼日利亚拉各斯各学校的室内粉尘中潜在有毒元素造成的潜在危害

周围环境和室内空气污染导致全球每年估计有700万人过早死亡，这是当代公共卫生的一项重大挑战，但从毒理学和污染源的角度来看，这一数字很难被量化。室内暴露可能代表最大的潜在总体暴露，但是我们对室内环境的了解，建模和特征仍然很少。在快速发展的城市中，例如尼日利亚拉各斯，环境监测在建立基准数据，监测城市污染趋势和进行环境教育方面可发挥重要作用。2019年6月，从拉各斯的20个地方政府区域（LGAs）的40个地点收集了教室灰尘样品。该研究的目的是评估PTE对室内粉尘造成的潜在危害，并制定适当的风险通报策略，以向公众进行宣传和教育，从而提高环境卫生素养。使用能量色散X射线荧光（ED-XRF）光谱仪评估室内灰尘中总PTE的浓度。还对粉尘样品进行了使用统一BARGE方法的口服生物可及性测定，并通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）进行了分析，以确定可用于胃肠道吸收的部分。结果表明，室内灰尘样品基本上未受污染，只有少数例外（2个样品）。总PTE浓度的富集因子污染趋势为Pb> Zn> U> Cr> Cu> Ba> Mn> V> As> Cd> Ni> Al。使用因子分析进行源分配研究表明，Al，As，Fe，Mn，Ni和U的浓度可能受成岩因子的很大影响，而Cd，Cu和Pb主要来源于人为来源。铬，钒和锌似乎源自成岩和人为来源的混合来源。我们的口服生物利用度确定表明，基于假总浓度或总浓度的100％生物利用度的假设将高估这些室内粉尘中PTE的潜在危害。锌是生物可利用性最高的PTE（平均值为88％），其中Mn（57％），Pb（48％），Ba（48％），Al（41％），As（37％），Cu（36％）， Ni（28％），Cr（10％）和Fe（7％）的生物可及性最低。使用生物可及成分对儿童和成人进行人类健康风险评估，

更新日期：2021-05-04

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