The leaks of dangerous goods from actually intact bags detected in the years 2018 to 2020 tend to be at an almost constant high level. These releases of powdery or granular dangerous goods represent violations of the sift-proofness required in the dangerous goods regulations. This article first analyses the causes. The components of the bags that are affected by leaks are micro-perforations, joins and closures, in particular internal sleeve valves. A distinction must be made between bags closed in conformity with or contrary to the manufacturer's instructions. The particle release is determined by a number of influencing factors of the filling substance, the packaging and other boundary conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive test concept is developed in this work, which takes all these factors into account. The application of this test concept facilitates the planning of the test setup and the experiments. On this basis, the complex mechanisms involved in the release of solid substances can be systematically investigated in the test laboratory. To prevent releases of powdery or granular substances from intact bags, it is necessary that the user has access to the closing instructions and the relevant properties of the test substance used for the design-type approval. Further experimental investigations are needed to assess whether filling substances change their properties during transport and whether this enables them to escape.

中文翻译：

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公路运输过程中完整危险品袋中粉状或颗粒状物质的释放 原因分析及测试概念的发展

2018 年至 2020 年检测到的实际完整袋子的危险品泄漏量几乎保持在高水平。这些粉状或颗粒状危险品的释放违反了危险品法规中要求的防筛分要求。本文首先分析其原因。受泄漏影响的袋子组件是微孔、连接和闭合，特别是内部套筒阀。必须区分按照或违反制造商说明封闭的袋子。颗粒释放由填充物质、包装和其他边界条件的许多影响因素决定。因此，在这项工作中开发了一个综合测试概念，它将所有这些因素都考虑在内。这个测试概念的应用促进了测试设置和实验的规划。在此基础上，可以在测试实验室系统地研究固体物质释放所涉及的复杂机制。为防止粉状或颗粒状物质从完整的袋子中释放出来，用户有必要访问关闭说明和用于设计型式批准的测试物质的相关属性。需要进一步的实验研究来评估填充物质在运输过程中是否会改变其特性以及这是否使它们能够逃逸。为防止粉状或颗粒状物质从完整的袋子中释放出来，用户有必要访问关闭说明和用于设计型式批准的测试物质的相关属性。需要进一步的实验研究来评估填充物质在运输过程中是否会改变其特性以及这是否使它们能够逃逸。为防止粉状或颗粒状物质从完整的袋子中释放出来，用户有必要访问关闭说明和用于设计型式批准的测试物质的相关属性。需要进一步的实验研究来评估填充物质在运输过程中是否会改变其特性以及这是否使它们能够逃逸。