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Psychometric origins of depression
History of the Human Sciences ( IF 0.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-04 , DOI: 10.1177/09526951211009085
Susan McPherson 1 , David Armstrong 2
Affiliation  

This article examines the historical construction of depression over about a hundred years, employing the social life of methods as an explanatory framework. Specifically, it considers how emerging methodologies in the measurement of psychological constructs contributed to changes in epistemological approaches to mental illness and created the conditions of possibility for major shifts in the construction of depression. While depression was once seen as a feature of psychotic personality, measurement technologies made it possible for it to be reconstructed as changeable and treatable. Different types of scaling techniques (Likert versus dichotomous scales) enabled the separation of depressive personality from reactive depression, paving the way for measuring the severity and intensity of emotions. Techniques to test sensitivity to change provided a means of demonstrating the efficacy of new psychoactive drug treatments. Later, more advanced techniques of precision scaling enabled the management of a new measurement problem, clinician unreliability, associated with the growing number of professionals involved in mental health care. Through statistical management of unreliability, the construct of depression has dramatically reduced over this period from hundreds of questionnaire items to potentially just two. Exploring the history of depression through this lens produces an alternative narrative to those that have emerged as a result of medicalisation and the actions of individuals and pressure groups.



中文翻译:

抑郁症的心理计量学成因

本文以方法的社会生活作为解释框架,考察了大约一百年来抑郁症的历史建构。特别是,它考虑了心理结构测量中新兴的方法学如何促进认识论方法对精神疾病的改变,并为抑郁症结构的重大转变创造了条件。抑郁曾经被视为精神病性人格的特征,但测量技术使之有可能被重建为多变且可治疗的。不同类型的定标技术(Likert与二分法定标)可以使抑郁型人格与反应性抑郁症分离,从而为测量情绪的严重程度和强度铺平了道路。测试变化敏感性的技术提供了一种证明新型精神药物治疗效果的手段。后来,更先进的精确缩放技术使管理新的测量问题(临床医生不可靠)与越来越多的精神卫生保健专业人员相关联。通过不可靠性的统计管理,在此期间,抑郁症的构成已从数百个问卷项目显着减少到可能只有两个。通过这种视角探索抑郁症的历史,可以产生一种替代性的叙述,而不是那些因医疗,个人和压力团体的行动而出现的叙述。更加精确的缩放技术更先进,可以管理新的测量问题,即临床医生的不可靠以及与越来越多的精神卫生保健专业人员有关的问题。通过不可靠性的统计管理,在此期间,抑郁症的构成已从数百个问卷项目显着减少到可能只有两个。通过这种视角探索抑郁症的历史,可以产生一种替代性的叙述,而不是那些因医疗,个人和压力团体的行动而出现的叙述。更加精确的缩放技术更先进,可以管理新的测量问题,即临床医生的不可靠以及与越来越多的精神卫生保健专业人员有关的问题。通过不可靠性的统计管理,在此期间,抑郁症的构成已从数百个问卷项目显着减少到可能只有两个。通过这种视角探索抑郁症的历史,可以产生一种替代性的叙述,而不是那些因医疗,个人和压力团体的行动而出现的叙述。在此期间,抑郁症的构成已从数百个问卷调查项目显着减少到可能只有两个。通过这种视角探索抑郁症的历史,可以产生一种替代性的叙述,而不是那些因医疗,个人和压力团体的行动而出现的叙述。在此期间,抑郁症的构成已从数百个问卷调查项目显着减少到可能只有两个。通过这种视角探索抑郁症的历史,可以产生一种替代性的叙述,而不是那些因医疗,个人和压力团体的行动而出现的叙述。

更新日期:2021-05-04
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