In this article, we present a comprehensive study to understand the image formation and associated resolution limitations of hyper-hemispherical high-resistivity floating-zone silicon (HRFZ-Si) lens-integrated terahertz (THz) cameras, and we extend this understanding into THz super-resolution imaging applications. Along these lines, design tradeoffs between fixed field-of-view and frequency-dependent angular resolution of such cameras are also discussed. The present study is based on investigations of a CMOS THz camera that is made of a $\bf 32 \times 32$ -pixel focal plane array sensor and a 15-mm diameter objective hyper-hemispherical HRFZ-Si lens. Two experiments are performed at 0.652 THz. In the first experiment, THz geometrical multiframe super-resolution imaging is performed to demonstrate that such cameras can always reach the maximum achievable resolution in their entire operating bandwidth. In the other, a full radiation pattern scan is performed to measure aberrations of off-axis displaced pixels in order to give a comprehensive picture of the camera's resolution behavior across the full camera frame. The investigations and discussions are general in nature and should be applicable to any broadband THz camera.

中文翻译：

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采用几何多帧超高分辨率成像的超半球形硅镜头集成太赫兹相机的分辨率极限

在本文中，我们将进行全面的研究，以了解超半球高电阻率浮动区硅（HRFZ-Si）集成了太赫兹（THz）相机的图像形成和相关的分辨率限制，并将这种理解扩展到THz超分辨率成像应用。沿着这些思路，还讨论了这类摄像机的固定视场和与频率相关的角分辨率之间的设计折衷。本研究基于对CMOS THz相机的调查，该相机由$ \ bf 32 \次32 $ 像素焦平面阵列传感器和直径为15毫米的物镜超半球形HRFZ-Si镜头。在0.652 THz下进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中，进行了太赫兹几何多帧超分辨率成像，以证明此类摄像机在其整个工作带宽中始终可以达到最大可达到的分辨率。另一方面，执行全辐射图扫描以测量离轴位移像素的像差，以便在整个相机帧上全面显示相机的分辨率行为。调查和讨论本质上是一般性的，应适用于任何宽带THz摄像机。