Most of the available overvoltage sensors are too sensitive to the installation angle and inducing direction. Even a slight angular deflection will cause a nonnegligible error to the measurement. To reduce the impact caused by angular deflection, in this article, we propose a new spherical six-electrode overvoltage sensor to improve the measuring accuracy and stability. First, we presented the 3-D electric field ( EE -field) coupling mechanism, vector synthesis method, design, and output properties of the proposed sensor. Second, we obtained the relationship between the structural parameters and the equivalent capacitance by the finite-element method (FEM). Finally, we completed the steady-state test, transient test, and 3-D angular deflection test. From the results, the sensor has a broad bandwidth of 1.2 MHz, a phase error of less than 1.8°, and good linearity of the output signals. In the case of 3-D angular deviations, the mean relative error (MRE) of the sensor is lower than 2.55%, with a maximum standard deviation (SD) of 0.088%, which proves that the output of the proposed sensor is well consistent with the overvoltage signal, and its accuracy is almost immune to the angular deflection.

中文翻译：

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球形六电极非接触过电压传感器的设计与测试


大多数可用的过电压传感器对安装角度和感应方向过于敏感。即使轻微的角度偏转也会给测量带来不可忽略的误差。为了减少角偏转带来的影响，本文提出了一种新型球形六电极过电压传感器，以提高测量精度和稳定性。首先，我们介绍了所提出的传感器的 3 维电场（EE 场）耦合机制、矢量合成方法、设计和输出特性。其次，我们通过有限元法（FEM）得到了结构参数与等效电容之间的关系。最后，我们完成了稳态测试、瞬态测试和3D角偏转测试。结果表明，该传感器具有1.2 MHz的宽带宽，相位误差小于1.8°，输出信号线性度良好。在3D角度偏差的情况下，传感器的平均相对误差（MRE）低于2.55％，最大标准偏差（SD）为0.088％，这证明所提出的传感器的输出具有良好的一致性与过压信号一​​起，其精度几乎不受角偏转的影响。