ABSTRACT

Introduction: Joint improvisation between therapist and client is fundamental to most approaches in music therapy practice but is far from being fully understood. The present study aims to shed light on the potential meanings of joint improvisation between therapist and client in music therapy

Method: Deploying phenomenological methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five musicians and five music therapists, each of whom provided a recorded musical example of their joint improvisations with a client or another musician

Results: Two types of dialogic moments emerged across both groups: “primal” and “mature” moments. Primal moments included “Moments of listening and attuning” and “Musical proficiency” (musicians); and “Moments of listening and attuning to the client’s being” and “Transforming the moment” (music therapists). Mature moments incorporated “Moments of forming musical relationships” (musicians); and “Moments of creating a significant bond between therapist and client” (music therapists)

Discussion: Mature moments were illustrated as moments where both therapist and client expressed themselves authentically, and often incorporated synchronization discrepancies between them. Amongst the musicians, mature moments involved challenging each other’s boundaries as well as becoming closely and intimately acquainted. Primal moments incorporated the conditions that facilitated dialogues: active listening, active musical gestures and facilitation of augmented musical time frames between therapist and client; and deep listening and musical virtuosity among the musicians. The comparison between the two groups highlighted the music therapists’ technique of creating versatile time frames while inviting their clients to improvise and emphasized the musicians’ capacity to engage in a wide range of musical relationships.

摘要

简介：治疗师和来访者之间的联合即兴创作是音乐治疗实践中大多数方法的基础，但远未完全被理解。本研究旨在阐明音乐治疗中治疗师和来访者联合即兴创作的潜在意义

方法：采用现象学方法，对五位音乐家和五位音乐治疗师进行了半结构化访谈，他们每个人都提供了他们与客户或另一位音乐家共同即兴创作的录制音乐示例

结果：两组都出现了两种类型的对话时刻：“原始”时刻和“成熟”时刻。原始时刻包括“聆听和调音时刻”和“音乐熟练度”（音乐家）；和“聆听和适应客户存在的时刻”和“改变时刻”（音乐治疗师）。成熟时刻包含“形成音乐关系的时刻”（音乐家）；和“在治疗师和客户之间建立重要联系的时刻”（音乐治疗师）

讨论：成熟时刻被描述为治疗师和来访者都真实表达自己的时刻，并且通常包含他们之间的同步差异。在音乐家之间，成熟的时刻包括挑战彼此的界限以及变得亲密无间。原始时刻包含了促进对话的条件：积极倾听、积极的音乐手势和促进治疗师和客户之间增强的音乐时间框架；以及音乐家之间的深度聆听和音乐精湛技艺。两组之间的比较突出了音乐治疗师在邀请客户即兴创作的同时创造多种时间框架的技术，并强调了音乐家参与广泛的音乐关系的能力。