In this work, we study the space-time statistical features of variations in the atmospheric electric field (E_z) and space charge in the atmospheric boundary layer using a three-dimensional model and analysis of observational data. The model is a combination of large-eddy simulation supplemented with a subgrid kinematic model for scalar and the three-dimensional Poisson equation for the electric potential. Based on the calculated evolution of three-dimensional distributions of the space charge and electric potential, the variability of the spectral slopes of variations in the space charge, vertical potential difference, and the vertical component of the electric field E_z is investigated. The vertical profiles of E_z and the frequency power spectra of E_z variations at different heights computed are in reasonable agreement with the observed ones. It is shown that the cross-correlation of E_z at spatially separated points located on one straight line near the earth's surface decreases with increasing distance with a characteristic scale of a few tens meters and has a dependence on the angle between this line and the direction of the wind. Mean large-scale horizontal electric field defined through the position and amplitude of the potential extrema at the same height depends on height non-monotonically having a maximum value of about 5 V/m. Scaling exponents of structure functions for E_z variations are found to be significantly larger than those for space charge variations.

在这项工作中，我们使用三维模型和观测数据分析研究了大气电场（E _z）和大气边界层中空间电荷变化的时空统计特征。该模型是大涡流模拟的补充，并辅以标量的子网格运动学模型和电势的三维Poisson方程。基于计算的空间电荷和电势的三维分布演变，研究了空间电荷，垂直电势差和电场E _z的垂直分量变化的频谱斜率的变化性。E _z的垂直轮廓计算得到的不同高度的E _z变化的频率功率谱与观测值合理吻合。结果表明，E _z在靠近地球表面的一条直线上的空间分离点处的互相关随着距离的增加而减小，其特征尺度为几十米，并且与该线和方向之间的角度有关。风。通过在相同高度处的极值的位置和幅度定义的平均大规模水平电场取决于非单调地具有约5 V / m的最大值的高度 。E _z的结构函数的缩放指数 发现空间变化远大于空间电荷变化的变化。