In the Dutch stratified secondary educational system, schools vary in how many tracks are offered. While the tendency in the Netherlands is for schools to become smaller, a relevant policy question is whether multi-track school settings promote equality of educational opportunity. Comparing single-track schools at the pre-university and pre-vocational levels with multi-track schools offering the same exams, and using relative geographical distance as an instrument of school choice, the analyses showed that single-track pre-university schools enhance the probability of obtaining a pre-university diploma without delay, but more strongly so for students from disadvantaged backgrounds (who have a lower chance of going to such schools). The single-track pre-vocational schools were associated with a lower likelihood of achieving a diploma at a level higher than pre-vocational education. Multi-track schools within a varied system will not automatically enhance equal opportunities, as middle-class children will also benefit from the additional options that multi-track schools provide.

中文翻译：

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排序还是混合？差异化教育体系中的多轨和单轨学校与社会不平等

在荷兰分层的中等教育体系中，学校提供的课程数量各不相同。虽然荷兰的学校规模趋于缩小，但一个相关的政策问题是多轨学校环境是否促进教育机会平等。将大学预科和职业预科水平的单轨学校与提供相同考试的多轨学校进行比较，并使用相对地理距离作为学校选择的工具，分析表明，单轨大学预科学校提高了立即获得大学预科文凭的可能性，但对于来自弱势背景的学生（进入此类学校的机会较低）的可能性更大。单轨职业预备学校与获得高于职业预备教育水平的文凭的可能性较低有关。多样化系统内的多轨学校不会自动增加平等机会，因为中产阶级儿童也将从多轨学校提供的额外选择中受益。