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The legacy of forest disturbance on stream ecosystem functioning
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13901 André Frainer 1, 2, 3 , Brendan G. McKie 4
中文翻译：
森林干扰对河流生态系统功能的影响
更新日期：2021-07-04
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13901 André Frainer 1, 2, 3 , Brendan G. McKie 4
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- Forest clearance is a pervasive disturbance worldwide, but many of its impacts are regarded as transient, diminishing in intensity as forest recovers. However, forests can take decades to centuries to recover after severe disturbances, and temporal lags in recovery of ecosystem properties for different forest habitats are mostly unknown. This includes forest streams, where most studies of the impacts of forest clearance are restricted to the first years of recovery, typically finding that temporary increases in light and nutrient run-off diminish as forest recovers. Implications of longer term changes remain little investigated.
- In a space-for-time substitution experiment, we assessed changes in organic matter processing and in the functional and taxonomic composition of litter-consuming detritivores along a riparian forest age gradient ranging from 1 to 120 years since last timber harvesting.
- Variation in organic matter processing and detritivore functional diversity along the forest succession gradient were both expressed as second-order polynomial relationships (peaking at ~50 years along the forest age gradient). Decomposition rates were lowest in both the more recently clear-cut and older riparian forest streams.
- Variation of litter decomposition rates among litter bags within streams, measured by the coefficient of variation, was lowest in recent clear-cuts and increased linearly along the succession gradient. This result indicates higher within-stream heterogeneity in decomposition rates in older forest streams.
- Synthesis and applications. We found that the decomposition of leaf litter, a component of carbon cycling in forests, was higher in streams flowing through intermediately aged forest, and that several key attributes of the organisms regulating litter decomposition also varied systematically with forest age. These findings highlight the longer term consequences of forest succession following forest clear-cutting for stream habitats. Our findings further illustrate complications arising from the use of forested sites as references for newly cleared sites without properly accounting for forest age, given conclusions regarding biotic responses will depend on the age of the reference forests. Finally, our results emphasise the potential of intensive forest management centred on vast, one-time clear-cutting events to drive long-term homogenisation not only in forest age structure but also in the functioning of associated forest stream habitats.
中文翻译：
森林干扰对河流生态系统功能的影响
- 森林砍伐是世界范围内普遍存在的干扰，但其许多影响被认为是短暂的，随着森林恢复而强度减弱。然而，森林在受到严重干扰后可能需要数十年到数百年的时间才能恢复，而且不同森林栖息地的生态系统特性恢复的时间滞后大多是未知的。这包括森林溪流，其中对森林砍伐影响的大多数研究仅限于恢复的最初几年，通常发现随着森林恢复，光和养分流失的暂时增加会减少。长期变化的影响仍然很少被调查。
- 在一个时空替代实验中，我们评估了自上次木材采伐以来沿河岸森林年龄梯度从 1 到 120 年的有机物质加工以及消耗凋落物的功能和分类组成的变化。
- 沿森林演替梯度的有机质处理和食杂物功能多样性的变化都表示为二阶多项式关系（沿森林年龄梯度在~50 年达到峰值）。在最近被砍伐过的和较老的河岸森林溪流中，分解率最低。
- 流内垃圾袋中垃圾分解率的变化，由变异系数衡量，在最近的清除中最低，并沿演替梯度线性增加。这一结果表明，在较老的森林溪流中，分解率具有更高的溪流内异质性。
- 合成与应用. 我们发现，流经中龄森林的溪流中，森林中碳循环的一个组成部分——凋落物的分解程度更高，并且调节凋落物分解的生物体的几个关键属性也随森林年龄而系统地变化。这些发现突出了在河流栖息地砍伐森林后森林演替的长期后果。我们的研究结果进一步说明了使用森林场地作为新砍伐场地的参考而没有正确考虑森林年龄所引起的并发症，因为关于生物反应的结论将取决于参考森林的年龄。最后，我们的结果强调了以广阔的、
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