ABSTRACT

It is generally recognised that towards the end of the nineteenth century the Anglo-American relationship entered a new phase characterised by friendship-building initiatives. However, as American businesses sought to expand into the British Empire’s markets, that enterprise required trust more than friendship. This article captures an overlooked aspect of Ambassador Bayard’s cultural diplomacy, one that sought to build trust for American products and services by harnessing American philanthropy notably through his and other prominent Americans’ engagement with the Carlyle House Memorial Museum in the Empire’s capital. Simultaneously, Bayard’s engagement with the museum celebrated America’s endorsement of international copyright legislation. It argues that Thomas Carlyle’s views, together with his friendship with Ralph Waldo Emerson, made the museum-making initiative particularly suited to such purposes. At Carlyle’s House, a thriving group of American ex–patriots and tourists could associate the friendship of the two authors with ‘higher’ ideals of a ‘civilisation’ held in trust.

摘要

人们普遍认为，到19世纪末，英美关系进入了以建立友谊为特征的新阶段。但是，随着美国企业试图拓展大英帝国的市场，该企业对信任的要求超过了友谊。本文抓住了拜亚德大使文化外交的一个被忽视的方面，该文化试图通过利用美国的慈善事业特别是通过他和其他杰出的美国人与帝国首都凯雷故居纪念馆的接触来建立对美国产品和服务的信任。同时，贝亚德（Bayard）与博物馆的接触庆祝了美国对国际版权立法的认可。它认为托马斯·卡莱尔（Thomas Carlyle）的观点以及他与拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson）的友谊，使博物馆创建计划特别适合此类目的。在凯雷之家，一群繁荣的美国前爱国者和游客可以将两个作者的友谊与“文明”的“更高”理想托付在一起。