Sustainable development is an everlasting theme and lasting strategy in today’s era. Low-carbon economy is an inevitable approach to the implementation of sustainable development. Cold chain logistics has become one of the main sources of carbon emissions. However, in the research on location planning of cold chain logistics, the costs of carbon emissions have not been taken into consideration in previous studies. The two-stage stochastic optimization (TSSO) model was established based on the comprehensive consideration of transportation costs, time penalty costs, and carbon emission costs. In this case, it is extremely difficult to deal with uncertainty in TSSO model. Therefore, this paper constructs a two-stage robust optimization (TSRO) model using data-driven method and robust optimization theory and verifies the validity of this model through an actual case. The application of this method to a cold chain logistics enterprise showed that the service level of logistics cannot be guaranteed by stochastic optimization model. In the TSRO model, the costs increase by 2.18% at the price of robustness, whereas logistics service level shows an upward trend (from 85.83% to 92.75%). In the TSRO model, enterprises are forced to choose a better distribution path when carbon tax increases, which not only helps enterprises save costs but also achieves low-carbon environmental benefits.

中文翻译：

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考虑碳排放和不确定性的新鲜冷链两阶段鲁棒优化模型

可持续发展是当今时代的永恒主题和持久战略。低碳经济是实施可持续发展的必然途径。冷链物流已成为碳排放的主要来源之一。但是，在冷链物流选址规划研究中，以前的研究并未考虑碳排放成本。在综合考虑运输成本，工时成本和碳排放成本的基础上，建立了两阶段随机优化（TSSO）模型。在这种情况下，很难解决TSSO模型中的不确定性。所以，本文采用数据驱动的方法和鲁棒优化理论构建了两阶段鲁棒优化（TSRO）模型，并通过实际案例验证了该模型的有效性。该方法在冷链物流企业中的应用表明，随机优化模型不能保证物流服务水平。在TSRO模型中，以健壮性为代价，成本增加了2.18％，而物流服务水平则呈上升趋势（从85.83％上升到92.75％）。在TSRO模型中，当碳税增加时，企业被迫选择更好的分配路径，这不仅可以帮助企业节省成本，而且可以实现低碳环境效益。该方法在冷链物流企业中的应用表明，随机优化模型不能保证物流服务水平。在TSRO模型中，以健壮性为代价，成本增加了2.18％，而物流服务水平则呈上升趋势（从85.83％上升到92.75％）。在TSRO模型中，当碳税增加时，企业被迫选择更好的分配路径，这不仅可以帮助企业节省成本，而且可以实现低碳环境效益。该方法在冷链物流企业中的应用表明，随机优化模型不能保证物流服务水平。在TSRO模型中，以健壮性为代价，成本增加了2.18％，而物流服务水平则呈上升趋势（从85.83％上升到92.75％）。在TSRO模型中，当碳税增加时，企业被迫选择更好的分配途径，这不仅可以帮助企业节省成本，而且可以实现低碳环境效益。