In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr₂O₃ as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter (), protein (), lipid (), and energy (). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC () of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM (). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.

中文翻译：

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优化和控制水产饲料中植物性蛋白质功效的动态混合系统

在本文中，使用数学模型来评估动态混合系统，以优化和控制水产饲料中基于植物的蛋白质的功效。鱼粉（FM），生菜籽粉（RM）以及带有酵母的发酵粉（RM-Yeast）和真菌（米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）RM-Koji）被用作测定干物质表观消化系数（ADC）的测试成分，使用含0.5％Cr ₂ O ₃作为惰性指示剂的日粮，比目鱼（Paralichthys olivaceus，7±0.02 g）的粗蛋白，粗脂，能量和必需氨基酸（EAA）。在所有测试的成分中，FM具有最大的干物质ADC（），蛋白质（），脂质（）和能量（）。发酵餐（RM-酵母和RM-曲）显示出较高的ADC（）的蛋白质与RM相比，而在不同形式的菜籽粉中ADC的粗脂肪和能量方面没有显着意义。此外，一方面，RM-Yeast和RM-Koji的粗脂质ADC，另一方面，RM-Yeast的总能量ADC与FM的ADC没有变化（）。在大多数情况下，氨基酸消化率反映蛋白质的消化率。有趣的是，蛋白酶，脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性分别在RM-Koji，RM-Yeast和FM中比RM更好地表达。目前的结果提供了有关原始和发酵RM中营养和能量生物利用度的重要信息，可用于精确配制橄榄比目鱼的饲料。与其他适用系统相比，所实施方法的复杂性已大大降低。