Spreading activation in the cognitive network explains why music is experienced as familiar or likable. It might also be a premise for the emotion-inducing mechanisms of the BRECVEMA framework (Brain stem reflexes, Rhythmic entrainment, Evaluative conditioning, Contagion, Visual imagery, Episodic memory, Musical expectancy, Aesthetic judgment). Both perspectives constitute important aspects of music experience and are influenced by individual differences. In two studies (n = 125 and n = 153), potential indicators for spreading activation and BRECVEMA mechanisms for single instances of music listening were assessed with a new questionnaire. The results indicated that Typicality of music, Liking, and attentional Engagement underlie spreading activation. The mechanisms Evaluative conditioning and Contagion in unison (Conditioning/Contagion), as well as Visual imagery and Episodic memory could be reliably assessed. Findings revealed that (a) Engagement, Conditioning/Contagion, and Visual imagery increased with musical expertise; (b) spreading activation and mechanisms were stronger when listening to self- rather than pre-selected music; (c) sad music evoked stronger Engagement, Conditioning/Contagion, and Episodic memory when it was self-selected; (d) spreading activation and mechanisms were associated with music empathizing and systemizing and the emotion regulation strategy reappraisal; and finally, (e) regulating sadness with sad music was associated with habitual suppression and stronger Conditioning/Contagion.

认知网络中激活的扩散解释了为什么人们对音乐的体验既熟悉又讨人喜欢。这也可能是BRECVEMA框架（脑干反射，节律性夹带，评估性调节，传染性，视觉意象，情景记忆，音乐期望，审美判断）的情绪诱导机制的前提。两种观点都构成音乐体验的重要方面，并且受个体差异的影响。在两项研究中（n = 125和n= 153），使用新的问卷评估了针对单个音乐收听实例的传播激活和BRECVEMA机制的潜在指标。结果表明，音乐，喜好和注意参与的典型性是传播激活的基础。可以可靠地评估协调一致的评估条件和传染机制（条件/传染），以及视觉图像和情节记忆。调查结果表明：（a）参与，调理/传染和视觉形象随着音乐专业知识的增加而增加；（b）聆听自我音乐而非预选音乐时，传播激活和机制更强；（c）自选音乐时，悲伤的音乐会引起更强的参与度，适应性/传染性和情景记忆；（d）传播激活和机制与音乐移情和系统化以及情绪调节策略的重新评估有关；最后，（e）用悲伤的音乐来调节悲伤与习惯性抑制和更强的适应/传染有关。