Due to the continuously changing environment of service-based applications (SBAs), the ability to adapt to environmental and contextual changes has become a crucial characteristic of such applications. Providing SBAs with this ability is a complex task, usually carried out in an unsystematic way and interwoven with application logic. As a result, developing and maintaining adaptive SBAs has become a costly and hardly repeatable process. The objective of this paper is to present a model-based approach to developing adaptive SBAs which separates development of adaptation concerns from development of SBAs behaviors. This approach aims to facilitate and improve the development of adaptive behaviors. In this paper, the process of developing an adaptive SBA is defined as specifying adaptive SBA models based on a metamodel and reusable adaptation tactics. These models are then transformed into runtime model artifacts and running system units performing runtime adaptive behaviors. The approach introduces a systematic method to derive adaptation behaviors from adaptation models, which facilitates the development of adaptive behaviors. The empirical evaluations in three studies show that our approach enhances the development of adaptive behaviors in terms of identifying more proper adaptation plans, reducing the development time, and increasing understandability, modifiability, and correctness of code.

由于基于服务的应用程序（SBA）的环境不断变化，适应环境和上下文变化的能力已成为此类应用程序的关键特性。为SBA提供此功能是一项复杂的任务，通常以非系统的方式执行并与应用程序逻辑交织在一起。结果，开发和维护自适应SBA已成为昂贵且几乎不可重复的过程。本文的目的是提出一种基于模型的方法来开发自适应SBA，该方法将适应问题的发展与SBA行为的发展区分开来。这种方法旨在促进和改善适应性行为的发展。在本文中，开发自适应SBA的过程定义为基于元模型和可重用的自适应策略指定自适应SBA模型。然后，将这些模型转换为运行时模型工件，并执行运行时自适应行为的运行系统单元。该方法引入了一种从适应模型中导出适应行为的系统方法，这有助于适应行为的发展。在三项研究中的经验评估表明，我们的方法从识别更合适的适应计划，减少开发时间，增加代码的可理解性，可修改性和正确性方面，增强了适应性行为的发展。