The growing demand for energy in recent decades has been followed by an increasing interest in clean energy sources as means to mitigate environmental pollution. Accordingly, renewable energy systems are required to not only guarantee safe operation but also have the ability to regulate their responses dynamically against operational variations and disturbances. Here, we propose a derivative-dependent controller to optimize this dynamic response in a fuel cell system. Since derivatives are in general difficult to measure or construct reliably, it is common practice to approximate them using finite-differences. This approximation, if not performed carefully, may produce undesired control activity and even instability. In this article, we propose to systematically engineer the finite-differences using artificial delays so as to avoid those undesired outcomes. This therefore guarantees a safe implementation of the control scheme. The objective of the proposed controller is to regulate the fuel cell’s output voltage while quickly compensating for parametric variations and unknown disturbances without the need of explicitly measuring or estimating them. Simulation results verify the advantages of the approach demonstrating that the controller with artificial delays is a preferable substitute for ideal derivative-dependent control implementations in fuel cell applications.

近几十年来，对能源的需求不断增长，随之而来的是人们对清洁能源作为减轻环境污染的手段的兴趣日益浓厚。因此，需要可再生能源系统不仅保证安全运行，而且具有动态地调节其响应以抵抗运行变化和干扰的能力。在这里，我们提出了一种依赖于导数的控制器，以优化燃料电池系统中的动态响应。由于导数通常难以测量或可靠构造，因此通常的做法是使用有限差分对其进行近似。如果不仔细执行此近似操作，可能会产生不希望的控制活动，甚至不稳定。在本文中，我们建议使用人为延迟系统地设计有限差分，从而避免那些不希望的结果。因此，这保证了控制方案的安全实施。提出的控制器的目的是调节燃料电池的输出电压，同时快速补偿参数变化和未知干扰，而无需明确测量或估算它们。仿真结果验证了该方法的优势，表明具有人为延迟的控制器是燃料电池应用中理想的依赖于导数的理想控制实现方式的理想替代品。提出的控制器的目的是调节燃料电池的输出电压，同时快速补偿参数变化和未知干扰，而无需明确测量或估算它们。仿真结果验证了该方法的优势，表明具有人为延迟的控制器是燃料电池应用中理想的依赖于导数的理想控制实现方式的理想替代品。提出的控制器的目的是调节燃料电池的输出电压，同时快速补偿参数变化和未知干扰，而无需明确测量或估算它们。仿真结果验证了该方法的优势，表明具有人为延迟的控制器是燃料电池应用中理想的依赖于导数的理想控制实现方式的理想替代品。