This paper brings together objective and subjective data on indoor temperature and thermal comfort to examine the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings. Continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and CO₂ levels was conducted in summer 2019 along with thermal comfort surveys and semi-structured interviews with older residents and staff of the care settings. Indoor temperatures were found to be high (>30°C) with bedroom temperatures often higher at night than daytime across both care settings. Limited opening due to window restrictors constrained night-time ventilation. Overheating was prevalent with four out of the five monitored bedrooms failing all four overheating metrics investigated. While 35–42% of staff responses perceived indoor temperatures to be uncomfortably hot, only 13–19% of resident responses were found to do so, indicating that elderly residents tend to be relatively insensitive to heat, leaving them open to overheating without realising it. Residents and staff in the modern care setting were less satisfied with their thermal conditions. As hybrid buildings, care settings need to keep both residents and staff comfortable and healthy during hot weather through night-time ventilation, management of heating and supportive institutional practices.

Practical application:

Care home designs have focused on keeping residents warm through the winter, neglecting the risks of summertime overheating. Care homes are hybrid buildings serving as living spaces for vulnerable older residents and offices/workspaces for staff. Providing comfort to both groups during periods of hot weather is challenging. Opportunities for ventilation are limited by Health & Safety regulations that mandate up to 10 cm maximum window openings and institutional practices that result in windows routinely kept closed, particularly at night. Utilising natural and where possible cross-ventilation should be considered along with external shading. Heating should be managed to avoid unwanted heat gains in the summer.

中文翻译：

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检查伦敦养老院夏季过热的程度和感知

本文将有关室内温度和热舒适度的主观和主观数据汇总在一起，以研究两个居住在伦敦的现代和较旧建筑的养老院中夏季过热的程度和感知。连续监测室内和室外温度，相对湿度和CO ₂该水平于2019年夏季进行，同时进行了热舒适度调查以及对老年居民和护理人员的半结构化访谈。在这两种护理环境中，发现室内温度较高（> 30°C），夜间的卧室温度通常比白天更高。由于窗户限位器限制了夜间通风，因此打开受限。过热现象普遍存在，在五个被监视的卧室中，有四个卧室未通过调查的所有四个过热指标。虽然有35–42％的员工反应认为室内温度过高，但只有13–19％的居民反应如此，这表明老年人对热量的敏感性相对较低，使他们容易意识到过热而没有意识到。处于现代护理环境中的居民和员工对他们的高温状况不太满意。作为混合建筑，护理场所需要通过夜间通风，供暖管理和支持性机构惯例，在炎热的天气中保持居民和工作人员的舒适和健康。

实际应用：

养老院的设计重点是在整个冬季保持居民的温暖，而忽略了夏季过热的风险。养老院是混合建筑，充当弱势老年居民的生活空间，是员工的办公室/工作空间。在炎热的天气中为两个群体提供舒适性都具有挑战性。通风的机会受到健康与安全法规的限制，该法规规定最多10 cm的最大窗户开孔和体制惯例导致窗户通常保持关闭状态，尤其是在晚上。应考虑使用自然通风，并在可能的情况下使用交叉通风以及外部遮荫。应控制暖气，以免在夏天产生不必要的热量。