Background Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) may be a suitable therapeutic option for those patients in earlier stages of psychosis to avoid relapses and disease progression. Despite that, there is a lack of evidence in the literature regarding the use of LAIs in this profile of patients. Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and pattern of use of palmitate paliperidone long-acting injectable (PPLAI) formulations (1- and 3-month doses) compared to oral paliperidone/risperidone in patients with a nonaffective first episode of psychosis (FEP) over 12 months of follow-up. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical information were assessed, as well as main clinical scales: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Personal and Social Performance Scale, and Clinical Global Impression Scale Improvement and Severity measures. Results The study included 48 patients, 16 per arm, who were aged 20–50 years and had an FEP. Significant improvements were registered for all treatment groups. Despite that, patients receiving PPLAI 1- and 3-month formulations obtained greater improvements than those in the oral group in the main domains assessed (P < .001). We found no statistically significant differences in hospitalizations between groups. Side effects were presented in 24% of patients. A trend towards reducing antipsychotic doses was observed in 43.8% of patients to achieve the minimum effective dose and avoid the occurrence of side effects. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the use of palmitate paliperidone long-acting formulations versus oral risperidone or paliperidone in FEP. Treatment with PPLAI formulations seems to be an effective therapeutic choice at earlier stages of the disease.

中文翻译：

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口服和棕榈酸酯帕利哌酮长效注射剂在精神分裂症谱系障碍中的应用：首发精神病干预计划 (CRUPEP) 的回顾性队列研究

背景 长效注射用抗精神病药 (LAIs) 可能是精神病早期患者的一种合适的治疗选择，以避免复发和疾病进展。尽管如此，文献中缺乏关于在该患者概况中使用 LAI 的证据。方法 这是一项回顾性队列分析，旨在评估棕榈酸酯帕利哌酮长效注射剂 (PPLAI) 制剂（1 个月和 3 个月剂量）与口服帕利哌酮/利培酮相比，在非情感性首发患者中的疗效、耐受性和使用模式精神病发作（FEP）超过 12 个月的随访。评估了相关的社会人口学和临床信息，以及主要临床量表：阳性和阴性综合征量表、个人和社会表现量表、和临床整体印象量表改进和严重程度措施。结果 该研究包括 48 名患者，每组 16 名，年龄在 20-50 岁之间，有 FEP。所有治疗组均有显着改善。尽管如此，在评估的主要领域，接受 PPLAI 1 个月和 3 个月制剂的患者比口服组的患者获得了更大的改善 (P < .001)。我们发现组间住院率没有统计学上的显着差异。24% 的患者出现副作用。在 43.8% 的患者中观察到减少抗精神病药物剂量的趋势，以达到最小有效剂量并避免副作用的发生。结论 据我们所知，这是第一项评估在 FEP 中使用棕榈酸酯帕潘立酮长效制剂与口服利培酮或帕潘立酮的研究。在疾病的早期阶段，使用 PPLAI 制剂治疗似乎是一种有效的治疗选择。