Abstract

To maximize crop yield, farmers use a wide array of herbicides. These chemicals have different mechanisms of action such as inhibition of photosynthesis and synthesis of aminoacids, lipids, and carotenoids in plant organs. The action of herbicides is often accompanied by the release of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in cells, and under their effect, modification of physiological processes occur in non-target plant organs, leading to the reduction of crop yields. To overcome stress conditions, plants react through the production of specific metabolites in their cell organelles, synthesizing detoxifying metabolites, among which glutathione (γ-glutamylcisteinylglycine, GSH) and its derivates are the most important. The detoxifying ability of crops varies between species and even between cultivars. Glutathione plays a major role in the detoxification pathways, and its quantity indicates the plant’s capability to metabolize herbicide. In wheat cultivation, the tribenuron-methyl herbicide is widely used. A study on short-term effect of tribenuron-methyl different concentrations (0.5 M, 1 M, 1.5 M) in three wheat cultivars (Pobjeda, Adelajde, and Dajti) and two ancestors Aegilops (accessions Ardenica and Borshi), by evaluating the GSH and pigment content was conducted in 2018 in Albania. A difference in both component content between the control and treated plants was observed. Among the cultivars assessed, Dajti showed the best ability to tolerate herbicide-induced stress. Knowledge on the plants’ reaction under herbicide treatments contributes to the identification of tolerance trait, selection of the right treatment formulation, and development of more effective herbicide safeners.

摘要

为了最大限度地提高作物产量，农民使用多种除草剂。这些化学物质具有不同的作用机制，例如抑制植物器官中的光合作用以及氨基酸、脂质和类胡萝卜素的合成。除草剂的作用往往伴随着细胞内ROS（活性氧）的释放，在其作用下，非靶标植物器官发生生理过程的改变，导致作物产量降低。为了克服逆境，植物通过在细胞器中产生特定代谢物来做出反应，合成解毒代谢物，其中谷胱甘肽（γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酰甘氨酸，GSH）及其衍生物是最重要的。作物的解毒能力因物种、甚至品种的不同而不同。谷胱甘肽在解毒途径中起着重要作用，其数量表明植物代谢除草剂的能力。在小麦种植中，广泛使用苯磺隆除草剂。苯磺隆不同浓度（0.5 M、1 M、1.5 M）对三个小麦品种（Pobjeda、Adelajde 和 Dajti）和两个祖先的短期影响研究2018 年在阿尔巴尼亚对山羊草（Ardenica 和 Borshi）的 GSH 和色素含量进行了评估。观察到对照植物和处理植物之间两种成分含量的差异。在评估的品种中，Dajti 显示出耐受除草剂引起的胁迫的最佳能力。了解植物在除草剂处理下的反应有助于识别耐受性状、选择正确的处理配方以及开发更有效的除草剂安全剂。