The Covid-19 crisis has shed light on two structural problems that affect a large part of the European model of industrial fruit and vegetable production, mainly in Spain and Italy: excessive dependence on foreign labour and the appalling social and working conditions of these migrant workers. Despite the current intense debates that have arisen on this topic, this is not a new issue but a chronic problem, which has characterised much of the agricultural production in the EU for over two decades. In order to understand how and why this point has been reached, a historical review of the evolution of the primary sector, mainly in southern Europe, and its link to migration, is carried out to ascertain whether the pandemic has aggravated the terrible consequences, mainly for migrant workers, of a socially unsustainable model. The aim is to lay the foundations for a debate on the direction in which European agriculture is heading, and which contributions, such as reforming the CAP and conditioning its funds to decent working conditions can be made towards building a fairer and more sustainable model over time.

中文翻译：

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问题不是 Covid-19，而是模型！欧盟的工业化农业和农民工

Covid-19 危机揭示了两个结构性问题，这些问题影响了主要在西班牙和意大利的欧洲工业水果和蔬菜生产模式的很大一部分：过度依赖外国劳动力以及这些移民工人令人震惊的社会和工作条件. 尽管目前就这一话题展开了激烈的辩论，但这并不是一个新问题，而是一个长期存在的问题，二十多年来一直是欧盟大部分农业生产的特点。为了了解达到这一点的方式和原因，对主要在南欧的初级部门的演变及其与移民的联系进行了历史回顾，以确定大流行是否加剧了可怕的后果，主要是对于农民工来说，这种模式在社会上是不可持续的。