Anthropogenic marine debris is a ubiquitous contaminant found in remote ecosystems worldwide. Because rivers are a dominant source of marine debris, we aimed to understand the sources, accumulation patterns, and ecological effects of debris in the Red River (Song Hong) estuary. To assess debris patterns, we conducted standing stock debris surveys at sites in the mouth, and upstream of the Red River. To assess the ecological effects of anthropogenic debris on mangrove ecosystems, we measured mangrove diameter, canopy cover, and number of crab burrows m-2 in the same debris transects. Anthropogenic debris was found at all sites, and plastic was the most common material. We identified a non-significant trend, whereby ecological indices declined with increasing amounts of debris. Overall, our results demonstrate that anthropogenic debris is ubiquitous in the Red River estuary, composition varies among sites, and this debris may have adverse or neutral ecological effects on mangrove ecosystem health.

中文翻译：

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越南宣艾国家公园红河口海域特定来源的海洋垃圾格局及其相关生态影响

人为海洋垃圾是在世界各地的偏远生态系统中普遍存在的污染物。由于河流是海洋垃圾的主要来源，因此我们旨在了解红河（宋洪）河口垃圾的来源，积累模式和生态影响。为了评估碎片形态，我们在河口和红河上游进行了常规的碎片调查。为了评估人为碎片对红树林生态系统的生态影响，我们测量了同一碎片样带中的红树林直径，冠层覆盖率和蟹洞数m-2。在所有地点都发现了人为碎片，塑料是最常见的材料。我们发现了一个不显着的趋势，即生态指数随着碎片数量的增加而下降。全面的，