As a new long-acting fertilizer, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) has been shown to increase crop yield and improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of fertilizer in many production systems. However, due to the limitation of nutrient release longevity of CRNF and the nitrogen demand characteristics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), further study is needed on the appropriate application technology of CRNF. In the present study, using polymer-coated urea (PCU) and sulfur-coated urea (SCU) as materials, the characteristics of nitrogen release from one-time or twice-split application of CRNF and its effect on the nitrogen uptake and growth of wheat were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The results indicated that nitrogen release from the twice-split application of PCU and SCU was synchronized with the nitrogen demand of wheat at different stages. Compared with urea multiple-split application (CK) and CRNF one-time application (PCU1 and SCU1), CRNF applied twice, at pre-sowing and re-greening (PCU2 and SCU2), maintained a high level of soil inorganic nitrogen after jointing, which met the second peak demand for nitrogen and improved the nitrogen uptake of wheat. Both PCU2 and SCU2 were found to be beneficial in delaying the senescence of leaves and the decline of photosynthetic performance after anthesis, which significantly increased the accumulation of post-anthesis dry matter and significantly affected the grain yield, with an increase of 9.96–15.11 % compared with multiple-split application of urea. PCU2 and SCU2 also improved NUE by 6.71–10.33 %. The results of this study demonstrate that CRNF applied twice was a good fertilization method for synchronizing nitrogen release from fertilizer and the nitrogen demand of wheat, thus improving wheat yield and NUE and decreasing the labor required for fertilizer application.

作为一种新的长效肥料，控释氮肥（CRNF）已被证明可以在许多生产系统中提高作物产量并提高肥料的氮素利用效率（NUE）。但是，由于CRNF养分释放寿命的限制以及冬小麦（小麦）的氮需求特征，L.），需要进一步研究CRNF的适当应用技术。在本研究中，以聚合物包膜尿素（PCU）和硫包膜尿素（SCU）为材料，一次或两次施用CRNF释放氮的特征及其对氮素吸收和生长的影响在两年的田间试验中对小麦进行了研究。结果表明，两次分裂施用PCU和SCU的氮素释放与小麦在不同阶段的氮需求同步。与尿素多次分裂施用（CK）和CRNF一次性施用（PCU1和SCU1）相比，CRNF在预播和再绿化（PCU2和SCU2）施用两次，在拔节后保持了较高的土壤无机氮水平。满足了氮的第二高峰需求，并提高了小麦的氮吸收量。发现PCU2和SCU2都有利于延迟花后叶片的衰老和光合性能的下降，这显着增加了花后干物质的积累并显着影响籽粒产量，增加了9.96-15.11％与尿素的多次拆分应用相比。PCU2和SCU2也将NUE提高了6.71–10.33％。这项研究的结果表明，两次施用CRNF是使肥料中的氮释放与小麦的氮需求同步的良好施肥方法，从而提高了小麦的产量和NUE，并减少了施肥所需的劳动力。与多次分次施用尿素相比，它显着增加了花后干物质的积累并显着影响了谷物的产量，增加了9.96–15.11％。PCU2和SCU2也将NUE提高了6.71–10.33％。这项研究的结果表明，两次施用CRNF是使肥料中的氮释放与小麦的氮需求同步的良好施肥方法，从而提高了小麦的产量和NUE，并减少了施肥所需的劳动力。与多次分次施用尿素相比，它显着增加了花后干物质的积累并显着影响了谷物的产量，增加了9.96–15.11％。PCU2和SCU2也将NUE提高了6.71–10.33％。这项研究的结果表明，两次施用CRNF是使肥料中的氮释放与小麦的氮需求同步的良好施肥方法，从而提高了小麦的产量和NUE，并减少了施肥所需的劳动力。