Since the olden times, infectious diseases have largely affected human existence. The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs. The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs, especially the animal ones. In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health, with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus. The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs. New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review. The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the “wave of future pharmaceuticals”, as it can be continually produced and scaled up under eco-friendly requirements. Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.

自古以来，传染病已极大地影响了人类的生存。新出现的感染过多地由与哺乳动物水库相关的病毒引起。这些紧急情况的人员伤亡受到人类与水库特别是动物水库互动的方式的重大影响。在我们的综述中，我们将考虑此类感染的进化和生态规模及其对公共健康的影响，重点是致病性甲型流感病毒。真菌和植物萜烯样分子的营养保健特性将与它们减轻病毒感染症状的能力有关，并阐明其在新药开发中的潜在用途。本综述还将讨论抗病毒发现中的新挑战性方法。作者认为，药理学是“未来药物的浪潮”，因为它可以在环保要求下不断生产和扩大规模。但是，需要进一步的诊断方法和策略来标准化那些自然资源。