ABSTRACT

The coercion that the Ottoman government and army established over its subjects during the Great War remained a significant factor in the war experience of the conscripts despite its limitations. Coercion is one of the most significant answers of why the Ottoman soldiers endured such a destructive warfare, in spite of war attrition, virulent epidemic diseases, malnutrition, maltreatment, thirst, and harsh climatic conditions. The Ottoman government exercised remarkable coercion over not only the conscripts but also society and economy, demanding an unconditional loyalty for the survival of the empire. Training, military penal code, religious ideology and narrative that legitimized the warfare were the instruments of coercion. This study will contribute to the social history of the Ottoman conscripts during the First World War.

摘要

尽管有局限性，但奥斯曼帝国政府和军队在第一次世界大战期间对其臣民建立的胁迫仍然是征兵战争经历的一个重要因素。尽管存在战争消耗、致命的流行病、营养不良、虐待、口渴和恶劣的气候条件，但对于奥斯曼帝国士兵为何要忍受如此毁灭性的战争，胁迫是最重要的答案之一。奥斯曼政府不仅对应征入伍者，而且对社会和经济都施加了非凡的强制力，要求对帝国的生存无条件忠诚。使战争合法化的训练、军事刑法、宗教意识形态和叙事是强制手段。这项研究将为第一次世界大战期间奥斯曼帝国士兵的社会历史做出贡献。