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Gender bias in performance evaluations: The impact of gender quotas
Journal of Economic Psychology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2021.102383
Albena Neschen , Sabine Hügelschäfer

The intention behind imposing quotas for women on corporate boards is to close the gender gap in economic participation and help women to be promoted within organizations. However, the broader social psychological literature lends support to ideas that affirmative action policies, such as quotas, may do more harm than good for the beneficiaries. We extend this idea beyond the affected beneficiaries and ask whether this unintended negative effect spills over to women who are not immediate targets of the quota, by signaling incompetence. We develop an experimental design to investigate whether the announcement (study 1) and the implementation (study 2) of a quota for women have a direct negative effect on performance evaluations and hence reinforce the existing gender bias in evaluation. We observed that the performance of women was evaluated significantly lower than that of men. However, this gender bias was limited to sequential (rating) evaluations and was not evident in joint (ranking) evaluations. The quota did not significantly influence the amount of this bias. In addition, we observed more pronounced sexism in males compared to females. Results of study 2 gave a hint to an association between higher sexism and lower evaluations of women’s performance. We also found some evidence for a stronger evaluation bias in females when controlling for sexist attitudes. Hence, our results imply that the bias, which is overall quite robust and strongly pronounced, is still affected by individual gender-related characteristics.



中文翻译:

绩效评估中的性别偏见:性别配额的影响

在公司董事会中对妇女实行配额的目的是要缩小经济参与中的性别差距,并帮助妇女在组织内部得到晋升。但是,更广泛的社会心理学文献为诸如配额之类的平权行动政策对受益者的弊大于利的主张提供了支持。我们将此想法扩展到了受影响的受益人之外,并询问这种无意识的负面影响是否通过信号不佳而蔓延到了不是配额的直接目标的妇女。我们开发了一项实验设计,以调查宣布女性配额的研究(研究1)和实施配额(研究2)是否对绩效评估产生直接的负面影响,从而加强评估中存在的性别偏见。我们观察到,女性的表现明显低于男性。但是,这种性别偏见仅限于顺序(等级)评估,在联合(等级)评估中并不明显。配额并没有显着影响这种偏差的程度。此外,我们观察到男性比女性更明显的性别歧视。研究2的结果暗示了较高的性别歧视与较低的女性绩效评估之间的关联。我们还发现了一些证据,表明在控制性别歧视态度时女性的评估偏见更强。因此,我们的研究结果表明,这种偏见总体上是很稳健的,并且很明显,但仍然受到与性别相关的个体特征的影响。这种性别偏见仅限于顺序(等级)评估,在联合(等级)评估中并不明显。配额并没有显着影响这种偏差的程度。此外,我们观察到男性比女性更明显的性别歧视。研究2的结果暗示了较高的性别歧视与较低的女性绩效评估之间的关联。我们还发现了一些证据,表明在控制性别歧视态度时女性的评估偏见更强。因此,我们的研究结果表明,这种偏见总体上是很稳健的,并且很明显,但仍然受到与性别相关的个体特征的影响。这种性别偏见仅限于顺序(等级)评估,在联合(等级)评估中并不明显。配额并没有显着影响这种偏差的程度。此外,我们观察到男性比女性更明显的性别歧视。研究2的结果暗示了较高的性别歧视与较低的女性绩效评估之间的关联。我们还发现了一些证据,表明在控制性别歧视态度时女性的评估偏见更强。因此,我们的研究结果表明,这种偏见总体上是很稳健的,并且很明显,但仍然受到与性别相关的个体特征的影响。研究2的结果暗示了较高的性别歧视与较低的女性绩效评估之间的关联。我们还发现了一些证据,表明在控制性别歧视态度时女性的评估偏见更强。因此,我们的研究结果表明,这种偏见总体上是很稳健的,并且很明显,但仍然受到与性别相关的个体特征的影响。研究2的结果暗示了较高的性别歧视与较低的女性绩效评估之间的关联。我们还发现了一些证据,表明在控制性别歧视态度时女性的评估偏见更强。因此,我们的研究结果表明,这种偏见总体上是很稳健的,并且很明显,但仍然受到与性别相关的个体特征的影响。

更新日期:2021-05-18
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