Primary aldosteronism is the leading cause of secondary hypertension worldwide. Its deleterious effects outstrip those due to blood pressure elevation alone. An essential part of the work-up of a patient with primary aldosteronism is determining if aldosterone production is unilateral or bilateral. With the former, surgery offers a potential cure and better overall outcomes. Adrenal vein sampling is considered the most reliable method to determine whether production is unilateral or bilateral. Sampling may be non-diagnostic when the vein cannot be properly cannulated. But with proper knowledge and experience as well as the utilization of certain techniques, procedure success can be high. Multiple protocols exist; their rationale and drawbacks are reviewed here. This article will give the reader an overview of techniques for improving procedural success as well as background, rationale and evidence to guide one in choosing the appropriate procedural and interpretation protocol.

中文翻译：

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肾上腺静脉采样：技术和方案，系统评价

原发性醛固酮增多症是全球继发性高血压的主要原因。它的有害作用超过仅由于血压升高引起的有害作用。原发性醛固酮增多症患者的一项重要检查工作是确定醛固酮的产生是单方面的还是双边的。对于前者，手术可提供潜在的治愈方法和更好的整体效果。肾上腺静脉采样被认为是确定生产是单侧还是双侧的最可靠方法。当静脉无法正确插管时，采样可能无法诊断。但是，如果拥有适当的知识和经验以及某些技术的运用，则手术成功率可能很高。存在多种协议。他们的理由和缺点在这里进行了回顾。