Honest signals and sexual conflict: Female lizards carry undesirable indicators of quality,Ecology and Evolution

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Honest signals and sexual conflict: Female lizards carry undesirable indicators of quality
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7598
Braulio A Assis _{1,

2} , Julian D Avery _{2,

3} , Catherine Tylan ₁ , Heather I Engler ₁ , Ryan L Earley ₄ , Tracy Langkilde _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Sex differences in animal coloration often result from sex-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Still, some species exhibit incomplete sexual dimorphism as females carry a rudimentary version of a costly male trait, leading to intralocus sexual conflict. The underlying physiology and condition dependence of these traits can inform why such conflicts remain unresolved. In eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus), blue iridophore badges are found in males and females, but melanin pigmentation underneath and surrounding badges is male-exclusive. We track color saturation and area of badges across sexual maturity, and their relationship to individual quality (body condition and immunocompetence) and relevant hormones (testosterone and corticosterone). Saturation and testosterone were positively correlated in both sexes, but hormone and trait had little overlap between males and females. Saturation was correlated with body condition and immunocompetence in males but not in females. Co-regulation by androgens may have released females from resource allocation costs of color saturation, even when in high condition. Badge area was independent of testosterone, but associated with low corticosterone in females, indicating that a nonsex hormone underlies incomplete sexual dimorphism. Given the evidence in this species for female reproductive costs associated with ornamentation, this sex-nonspecific regulation of an honest signal may underlie intralocus sexual conflict.

中文翻译：

诚实信号和性冲突：雌性蜥蜴的质量指标不佳

动物体色的性别差异通常是由性别依赖性调节机制造成的。尽管如此，一些物种表现出不完全的两性二态性，因为雌性携带着昂贵的雄性特征的基本版本，导致座内性冲突。这些特征的潜在生理学和条件依赖性可以解释为什么此类冲突仍未得到解决。在东部栅栏蜥蜴（ Sceloporus undulatus ）中，雄性和雌性都有蓝色虹彩徽章，但徽章下面和周围的黑色素沉着是雄性独有的。我们跟踪整个性成熟过程中徽章的颜色饱和度和面积，以及它们与个人素质（身体状况和免疫能力）和相关激素（睾酮和皮质酮）的关系。饱和度和睾酮在两性中均呈正相关，但男性和女性之间的激素和性状几乎没有重叠。男性的饱和度与身体状况和免疫能力相关，但女性则不然。雄激素的共同调节可能使女性免于色彩饱和度的资源分配成本，即使在高条件下也是如此。徽章区域与睾酮无关，但与女性的低皮质酮相关，表明非性激素是不完全性二态性的基础。鉴于该物种中雌性生殖成本与装饰相关的证据，这种对诚实信号的非性别特异性调节可能是座内性冲突的基础。

更新日期：2021-06-22

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