Lethal interactions among forest-grouse predators are numerous, motivated by hunger and carcasses, and their impacts determined by the demographic value of the victims,Ecology and Evolution

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Lethal interactions among forest-grouse predators are numerous, motivated by hunger and carcasses, and their impacts determined by the demographic value of the victims
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-02 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7574
Cristian N Waggershauser ₁ , Lise Ruffino ₂ , Kenny Kortland ₃ , Xavier Lambin ₁

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New vertebrate communities are emerging in Europe following the recovery of multiple native predators to highly anthropized landscapes where predator control is still prevalent. While the lack of reference points for these communities creates novel challenges for conservationists and wildlife managers, they also provide opportunities to further our understanding of species interactions. Despite a growing body of evidence, many aspects of interactions among predators remain poorly understood, impairing our ability to anticipate the effects of such changes in predator communities. Through a systematic literature review, we gathered all the available evidence concerning the existence, strength, and demographic impacts of lethal predator interactions among forest-grouse predators in Europe. We found a highly interconnected predator community, with 44 pairwise lethal interactions among 12 taxa. Three of these resulted in some degree of population suppression of the victim, while another three did not. However, most interactions (38) have not been evaluated for population suppression. Additionally, we highlight how predators interact simultaneously with a large range of other predators and identified at least two further taxa possibly suppressed through the combined impacts of multiple predators. We propose that interactions causing demographic suppression are characterized by impacts on individuals with high survival elasticity and that they are motivated by food limitation and additionally, in mammals, by competition for carcasses. Predator interactions, and our still poor understanding of them, introduce large uncertainties to conservation actions based on the management of predator abundances, which should be carefully evaluated.

中文翻译：

森林松鸡捕食者之间的致命相互作用有很多，其动机是饥饿和尸体，其影响取决于受害者的人口价值

随着多种本地捕食者恢复到捕食者控制仍然普遍的高度人类化的地区，新的脊椎动物群落正在欧洲出现。虽然这些群落缺乏参考点给自然资源保护主义者和野生动物管理者带来了新的挑战，但它们也为我们进一步了解物种相互作用提供了机会。尽管证据越来越多，但捕食者之间相互作用的许多方面仍然知之甚少，这削弱了我们预测捕食者群落中此类变化影响的能力。通过系统的文献综述，我们收集了有关欧洲森林松鸡捕食者之间致命捕食者相互作用的存在、强度和人口影响的所有可用证据。我们发现了一个高度互联的捕食者群落，12 个类群之间存在 44 成对的致死相互作用。其中三起事件导致了对受害者的某种程度的人口压制，而另外三起则没有。然而，大多数相互作用 (38) 尚未针对群体抑制进行评估。此外，我们强调了捕食者如何同时与大量其他捕食者相互作用，并确定了至少两个可能通过多种捕食者的综合影响而受到抑制的类群。我们提出，导致人口统计抑制的相互作用的特征是对具有高生存弹性的个体的影响，并且它们的动机是食物限制，此外，在哺乳动物中，是由于对尸体的竞争。捕食者的相互作用以及我们对它们的了解仍然很少，给基于捕食者丰度管理的保护行动带来了很大的不确定性，应该仔细评估。

更新日期：2021-06-22

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