Life-cycle inventory (LCI) is a fundamental phase in the quantification of the environmental performance of products. However, when it comes to the LCI of a multi-product system, discussions about the choice of the appropriate methodology to allocate environmental impacts still continue. A further system subdivision and the implementation of a mechanism allowing environmental burdens to be tracked would help to improve model accuracy. This study focuses on the LCI modeling of a lignocellulosic biorefinery producing ethanol, lignin oligomers, and electricity, and demonstrates the application of the matrix-based approach for detailed system subdivision and environmental burden tracking. Forty scenarios utilizing process-specific allocation methods were tested to account for the global warming potential of outputs. The main findings of the paper are: (i) the importance of specific allocation methods applied to combined heat and power plants that stress the key role of internal energy supply in carrying environmental burdens; (ii) a negligible effect of allocation methods applied to wastewater treatment facilities; (iii) the inconsistency of results obtained via two allocation methods, one based on the total mass and the second based on the dry mass allocation, which raises questions about the validity of water accounting in the allocation procedure of related products; (iv) the role of upstream greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in lignin-derived outputs, which emphasizes the importance of a proper allocation methodology to be applied to this residue; and (v) an important role of the biomass pretreatment and lignin solvolysis processes in the accumulation of emissions, which highlights the importance of decreasing the amount of solids and methanol content in the processes discussed here. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

中文翻译：

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多产品生物炼制的生命周期清单建模：跟踪环境负担和评估分配程序引起的不确定性

生命周期清单 (LCI) 是量化产品环境性能的一个基本阶段。然而，当谈到多产品系统的 LCI 时，关于选择合适的方法来分配环境影响的讨论仍在继续。进一步的系统细分和允许跟踪环境负担的机制的实施将有助于提高模型的准确性。本研究侧重于生产乙醇、木质素低聚物和电力的木质纤维素生物精炼厂的 LCI 建模，并展示了基于矩阵的方法在详细系统细分和环境负荷跟踪中的应用。测试了 40 种利用特定过程分配方法的情景，以说明产出的全球变暖潜力。论文的主要发现是：(i) 应用于热电联产的特定分配方法的重要性，强调内部能源供应在承担环境负担方面的关键作用；(ii) 应用于废水处理设施的分配方法的影响可以忽略不计；(iii) 两种分配方式的结果不一致，一种基于总质量，另一种基于干质量分配，这引发了对相关产品分配过程中水核算有效性的质疑；(iv) 上游温室气体 (GHG) 排放在木质素衍生产出中的作用，这强调了对这种残留物应用适当分配方法的重要性；(v) 生物质预处理和木质素溶剂分解过程在排放积累中的重要作用，这突出了在此处讨论的过程中减少固体含量和甲醇含量的重要性。© 2021 作者。工业化学协会和 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 出版的 Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining