Tyrp1 gene, as a member of the tyrosinase family, has undergone a recent duplication event during fourth-round whole genome duplication in common carp. In this research, three Tyrp1 genes were identified in Oujiang-color common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. color). The similar expression patterns and close phylogenetic relationship indicated that Tyrp1c is homologous to Tyrp1b and possibly originated from the ancient Tyrp1b. The rates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution (K_a/K_s) in Tyrp1 across teleost phylogeny indicated that Tyrp1a is more likely to be in the process of purifying selection. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the Tyrp1 genes in zebrafish and the WB (black patches on white skin) strain of Oujiang-color common carp. The Tyrp1 loss of function variants in zebrafish and WB carp showed severe melanin deficiency in the skin. Meanwhile, inactivation of a single Tyrp1 gene did not obstruct melanin synthesis, which proved that the functional redundancy of Tyrp1 genes existed in both zebrafish and Oujiang-color common carp. Among the mosaic individuals with Tyrp1 genes in disrupted-color common carp, various mutations in Tyrp1b gene induced gray or brown phenotypes, suggesting that it may be bifunctional in Oujiang-color common carp. In addition, the phenotype of WB variants was different from that of WW (whole white skin), suggesting that Tyrp1 genes were not the key factor that caused the difference between WB and WW.

中文翻译：

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近期复制的TYRP1基因分析及其对瓯江色鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. color）黑斑形成的影响

Tyrp1基因作为酪氨酸酶家族的一员，在鲤鱼第四轮全基因组复制过程中经历了最近的复制事件。本研究在瓯江色鲤（Cyprinus carpio var. color）中鉴定出3个Tyrp1基因。相似的表达模式和密切的系统发育关系表明Tyrp1c与Tyrp1b同源，可能起源于古代Tyrp1b。Tyrp1的同义和非同义替换率 ( K _a / K _s ) 在整个硬骨鱼系统发育中表明Tyrp1a更有可能处于净化选择的过程中。CRISPR/Cas9系统被用来破坏斑马鱼和瓯江鲤鱼WB（白皮黑斑）品系中的Tyrp1基因。该TYRP1功能丧失斑马鱼变种和WB鲤鱼皮肤表现为严重的黑色素缺乏。同时，单个Tyrp1基因的失活并没有阻碍黑色素的合成，这证明了Tyrp1基因的功能冗余在斑马鱼和瓯江鲤鱼中都存在。其中马赛克个体TYRP1基因破坏彩鲤，在各种突变Tyrp1b基因诱导灰色或棕色表型，表明它可能在瓯江色鲤鱼中具有双功能。此外，WB变体的表型与WW（全白皮肤）的表型不同，表明Tyrp1基因不是导致WB和WW差异的关键因素。