Landfills are engineered, heterogeneously contaminated sites containing large reservoirs of paper waste. Cellulose degradation is an important process within landfill microbial ecology, and these anoxic, saturated environments are prime locations for discovery of cellulases that may offer improvements on industrial cellulose degradation efforts. We sampled leachate from three locations within a municipal landfill, a leachate collection cistern, and groundwater from an adjacent aquifer to identify cellulolytic populations and their associated cellulases. Metagenomic sequencing identified wide-spread and taxonomically diverse cellulolytic potential, with a notable scarcity of predicted exocellulases. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing detected nine landfill microorganisms enriched in a customized leachate medium amended with microcrystalline cellulose or common paper stocks. Paper-enrichment cultures showed competition dynamics in response to the specific composition (lignin: hemi-cellulose: cellulose) of the different paper stocks. From leachate biomass, four novel cellulolytic bacteria were isolated, including two with the capacity for cellulolysis at industrially relevant temperatures. None of the isolates demonstrated exocellulase activity, consistent with the metagenome-based predictions. However, there was very little overlap between metagenome-derived predicted cellulolytic organisms, organisms enriched on paper sources, or the isolates, suggesting the landfill cellulolytic community is at low abundance but able to rapidly respond to introduced substrates.

中文翻译：

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预测，富集和分离确定了市政垃圾填埋场中纤维素纤维素微生物的响应性竞争社区

垃圾填埋场是经过工程设计的，异质污染的场地，其中包含大量的纸屑库。纤维素降解是垃圾填埋场微生物生态学中的重要过程，这些缺氧，饱和的环境是发现纤维素酶的主要场所，纤维素酶可能会改善工业纤维素降解工作。我们从市政垃圾填埋场的三个位置，渗滤液收集池和相邻含水层中的地下水中取样渗滤液，以识别纤维素分解种群及其相关的纤维素酶。元基因组测序鉴定了广泛且分类学上不同的纤维素分解潜能，但预测的胞外纤维素酶缺乏。16S rRNA扩增子测序检测到九种垃圾填埋场微生物，这些微生物富含定制的渗滤液培养基，并用微晶纤维素或普通纸浆进行了改良。纸质富集培养显示出竞争动态，以响应不同纸质原料的特定组成（木质素：半纤维素：纤维素）。从渗滤液生物质中，分离出四种新型纤维素分解细菌，其中两种具有在工业相关温度下具有纤维素分解能力。分离株均未显示出纤维素酶活性，与基于基因组学的预测一致。但是，衍生自基因组的预测纤维素分解生物，纸质来源丰富的生物或分离株之间几乎没有重叠，