This study examines the possible sources of ambient pollutants and seasonal variations within the nine selected stations, including the residential, commercial, and industrial sites from January 2016 to December 2018 in Paradip city. The particulate matter (PM) like PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 and gaseous pollutants like sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and ammonia (NH₃) samples were collected in four different seasons such as pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 showed the highest levels in winter and the lowest in monsoon. The seasonal average concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, and NH₃ were within the permissible limits at all the sites. The seasonal air quality index (AQI) shows that industrial sites were under the “severe air pollution” category in the winter season while all residential and commercial sites (except AG) under the “light air pollution” category in all seasons. The correlation such as, PM₁₀ with PM_2.5 and SO₂ with NO₂, showed a significant positive relation in all seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two major factors, with a total variance of 47.995% and 25.821%, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to explain the pollutants dispersion and spatial variations.

这项研究调查了2016年1月至2018年12月在Paradip市的9个选定站点（包括住宅，商业和工业站点）内可能的环境污染物来源和季节变化。在四个不同的季节（如季风前，季风）采集了PM ₁₀和PM _2.5等颗粒物（PM）以及二氧化硫（SO ₂），二氧化氮（NO ₂）和氨气（NH ₃）等气态污染物，季风后和冬季。PM ₁₀和PM _2.5的季节平均浓度在冬季最高，在季风最低。SO ₂的季节性平均浓度，NO ₂和NH ₃在所有位置均在允许的范围内。季节性空气质量指数（AQI）显示，冬季工业场所属于“严重空气污染”类别，而所有住宅和商业场所（AG除外）在所有季节均属于“轻度空气污染”类别。在所有季节中，PM ₁₀与PM _2.5和SO ₂与NO _{2的相关性}均显示出显着的正相关。主成分分析（PCA）确定了两个主要因素，总方差分别为47.995％和25.821％。层次聚类分析（HCA）用于解释污染物的扩散和空间变化。