The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols produced from the municipal solid waste landfill site and its health risk assessment in the Hamadan city at west of Iran. In this study, air samples were collected every month during spring and summer at six locations including the active zone, leachate collection pond, infectious waste landfill, upwind, closure landfill, and downwind using the Andersen impactor. Spatial and seasonal variations of the potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols were detected. Also, Health risk associated were estimated based on the average daily dose rates (ADD) of exposure by inhalation. The mean concentration of potentially pathogenic bacterial aerosols were 468.7 ± 140 CFU m^− 3 1108.5 ± 136.9 CFU m^− 3 detected in the active zone in spring and summer, respectively. Also, there was a significant relationship between meteorological parameters and bacterial concentration (p < 0.05). The predominant potential pathogenic bacterial identified in the spring were Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus sp., and Pseudomonas sp., while in summer were Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The hazard quotient (HQ) in both seasons were less of 1. Bacteria were spread throughout the landfill space, but their maximum density was observed around the active zone and leachate collection pond. This study highlights the importance of exposure to potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols in the summer and its adverse effects, especially in the MSW landfill site active zone. Finally, controlled exposure can reduce the health hazard caused by the potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols.

本研究的目的是评估城市固体废物填埋场产生的潜在致病细菌气溶胶及其在伊朗西部哈马丹市的健康风险评估。在这项研究中，每个月在春季和夏季使用安徒生冲击器在活动区、渗滤液收集池、传染性废物填埋场、上风向、封闭式垃圾填埋场和下风向六个地点收集空气样本。检测到潜在致病细菌气溶胶的空间和季节变化。此外，根据吸入暴露的平均每日剂量率 (ADD) 估计相关的健康风险。潜在致病性细菌气溶胶的平均浓度为 468.7 ± 140 CFU m ^{- 3} 1108.5 ± 136.9 CFU m ^{- 3}分别在春季和夏季的活动区检测到。此外，气象参数与细菌浓度之间存在显着关系（p <0.05）。春季发现的主要潜在致病菌是奇异变形杆菌、链球菌和假单胞菌，而夏季主要是假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌. 两个季节的危害商 (HQ) 均小于 1。细菌遍布整个填埋场，但在活动区和渗滤液收集池周围观察到它们的最大密度。这项研究强调了夏季暴露于潜在致病细菌气溶胶的重要性及其不利影响，尤其是在 MSW 垃圾填埋场活动区。最后，控制暴露可以减少潜在的致病细菌气溶胶对健康造成的危害。