Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a frequent type of inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. Gut dysbiosis may influence pathophysiology and clinical response in UC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gut microbiota is related to the active and remission phases of pancolitis in patients with UC as well as in healthy participants. Fecal samples were obtained from 18 patients with UC and clinical‐endoscopic evidenced pancolitis (active phase n = 9 and remission phase n = 9), as well as 15 healthy participants. After fecal DNA extraction, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced (Illumina MiSeq), operational taxonomic units were analyzed with the QIIME software. Gut microbiota composition revealed a higher abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in active pancolitis, as compared with remission and healthy participants. Likewise, a marked abundance of the genus Bilophila and Fusobacteria were present in active pancolitis, whereas a higher abundance of Faecalibacterium characterized both remission and healthy participants. LEfSe analysis showed that the genus Roseburia and Faecalibacterium were enriched in remission pancolitis, and genera Bilophila and Fusobacterium were enriched in active pancolitis. The relative abundance of Fecalibacterium and Roseburia showed a higher correlation with fecal calprotectin, while Bilophila and Fusobacterium showed AUCs (area under the curve) of 0.917 and 0.988 for active vs. remission pancolitis. The results of our study highlight the relation of gut dysbiosis with clinically relevant phases of pancolitis in patients with UC. Particularly, Fecalibacterium, Roseburia, Bilophila, and Fusobacterium were identified as genera highly related to the different clinical phases of pancolitis.

中文翻译：

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溃疡性结肠炎患者的肠道生态失调和全结肠炎的临床分期

溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 是一种常见的炎症性肠病，其特征是缓解期和恶化期。肠道菌群失调可能影响 UC 的病理生理学和临床反应。本研究的目的是评估肠道微生物群是否与 UC 患者以及健康参与者的全结肠炎的活动期和缓解期有关。粪便样本来自 18 名 UC 和临床内窥镜证实的全结肠炎患者（活动期n  = 9 和缓解期n  = 9），以及 15 名健康参与者。粪便 DNA 提取后，对 16S rRNA 基因进行扩增和测序（Illumina MiSeq），使用 QIIME 软件分析操作分类单元。肠道微生物群组成显示门的丰度更高与缓解期和健康参与者相比，活动性全结肠炎中的变形杆菌和梭杆菌。同样，活动性全结肠炎中存在显着丰富的嗜胆杆菌属和梭杆菌属，而较高丰度的粪杆菌属缓解和健康参与者的特征。LEfSe分析表明，Roseburia 和Faecalibacterium属 在缓解性全结肠炎中富集，而 Bilophila 和 Fusobacterium 在活动性全结肠炎中富集。Fecalibacterium和Roseburia的相对丰度显示与粪便钙卫蛋白更高的相关性，而嗜胆杆菌和梭杆菌显示活动性与缓解性全结肠炎的 AUC（曲线下面积）分别为 0.917 和 0.988。我们的研究结果强调了肠道菌群失调与 UC 患者全结肠炎临床相关阶段的关系。特别是，Fecalibacterium、Roseburia、Bilophila和Fusobacterium被鉴定为与全结肠炎不同临床阶段高度相关的属。