Tolerance of an aphid species towards dietary sucrose-to-amino acid ratios and recovery from suboptimal nutrition,Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

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Tolerance of an aphid species towards dietary sucrose-to-amino acid ratios and recovery from suboptimal nutrition
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.13061
Johanna Gruhn ₁ , Saskia Karolak ₁ , Rabea Schweiger ₁

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Aphids feed on the phloem sap of their host plants. The chemical composition of this sap differs between plant species and is modulated by environmental factors. To understand why Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is able to infest various plant taxa, we investigated how aphids of this species respond to various sucrose-to-amino acid ratios of their diet. Moreover, we studied whether they are able to recover from periods with suboptimal nutrition. Preference and performance bioassays were performed using artificial diets with sucrose-to-amino acid ratios of 2.4:1 (optimal ‘control’ diet), 4.8:1 (‘high sucrose’), 1.2:1 (‘high amino acids’), or 1:0 (‘no amino acids’). Also, the capacity to recover from periods on suboptimal diet (i.e., the ‘no amino acids’ diet) was assessed. In four-choice assays, both nymphs and adults of M. persicae were rarely found on the ‘no amino acids’ diet and they were similarly distributed on the other diets. As long as amino acids were available, the sucrose-to-amino acid ratio had only minor effects on aphid development and reproduction. On the suboptimal diet, nymphs survived, but with almost no weight gain over time. After transfer to the ‘control’ diet, they gained weight and reproduced with only low fitness deficits compared to aphids kept on the ‘control’ diet for the whole time. The capacity to survive under suboptimal nutrition and recover from it was dependent on the length of the period on the suboptimal diet. The ability to cope with different dietary sucrose-to-amino acid ratios and to withstand suboptimal nutrition for several days may contribute to the broad host plant spectrum of M. persicae and may explain why this species is a serious pest in agricultural systems.

中文翻译：

蚜虫物种对膳食蔗糖与氨基酸比例的耐受性以及从次优营养中恢复

蚜虫以寄主植物的韧皮部汁液为食。这种汁液的化学成分因植物物种而异，并受环境因素的调节。了解桃子为什么（苏尔寿）（半翅目：蚜科）能够感染各种植物分类群，我们研究了该物种的蚜虫如何对其饮食中的各种蔗糖与氨基酸的比例做出反应。此外，我们研究了他们是否能够从营养不足的时期中恢复过来。使用蔗糖与氨基酸比例为 2.4:1（最佳“对照”饮食）、4.8:1（“高蔗糖”）、1.2:1（“高氨基酸”）、或 1:0（“无氨基酸”）。此外，还评估了从次优饮食（即“无氨基酸”饮食）期间恢复的能力。在四项选择分析中，桃蚜的若虫和成虫在“无氨基酸”饮食中很少发现它们，它们在其他饮食中的分布也相似。只要有氨基酸可用，蔗糖与氨基酸的比例对蚜虫的发育和繁殖只有很小的影响。在次优饮食下，若虫存活下来，但随着时间的推移几乎没有体重增加。转移到“对照”饮食后，与一直保持“对照”饮食的蚜虫相比，它们体重增加并繁殖，但健康状况不佳。在次优营养下存活并从中恢复的能力取决于次优饮食的时间长短。处理不同膳食蔗糖与氨基酸比例的能力以及在几天内承受次优营养的能力可能有助于桃树的广泛寄主植物谱并可以解释为什么该物种是农业系统中的严重害虫。

更新日期：2021-05-01

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