Whether sensorimotor adaptation can be generalized from one context to others represents a crucial interest in the field of neurological rehabilitation. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying transfer to another task remain unclear. Prism Adaptation (PA) is a useful method employed both to study short-term plasticity and for rehabilitation. Neuro-imaging and neuro-stimulation studies show that the cerebellum plays a substantial role in online control, strategic control (rapid error reduction), and realignment (after-effects) in PA. However, the contribution of the cerebellum to transfer is still unknown. The aim of this study was to test whether interfering with the activity of the cerebellum affected transfer of prism after-effects from a pointing to a throwing task. For this purpose, we delivered cathodal cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to healthy participants during PA while a control group received cerebellar Sham Stimulation. We assessed longitudinal evolutions of pointing and throwing errors and pointing trajectories orientations during pre-tests, exposure and post-tests. Results revealed that participants who received active cerebellar stimulation showed (1) altered error reduction and pointing trajectories during the first trials of exposure; (2) increased magnitude but reduced robustness of pointing after-effects; and, crucially, (3) slightly altered transfer of after-effects to the throwing task. Therefore, the present study confirmed that cathodal cerebellar tDCS interferes with processes at work during PA and provides evidence for a possible contribution of the cerebellum in after-effects transfer.

是否可以将感觉运动适应性从一种情况推广到另一种情况，代表了神经康复领域的一个关键利益。尽管如此，转移到另一任务的潜在机制仍不清楚。棱镜适应（PA）是一种用于研究短期可塑性和康复的有用方法。神经影像和神经刺激研究表明，小脑在PA的在线控制，策略控制（快速错误减少）和重新排列（后效应）中起着重要作用。然而，小脑对转移的贡献仍然未知。这项研究的目的是测试干扰小脑的活动是否影响了从指向投掷任务到棱镜后遗症的转移。以此目的，我们在PA期间向健康参与者提供了小脑经颅直流电刺激（tDCS），而对照组则接受了小脑假刺激。我们在测试前，暴露和测试后评估了指向和投掷错误以及指向轨迹方向的纵向演变。结果显示，接受主动小脑刺激的参与者显示出：（1）在首次暴露试验中，误差减少和指向轨迹发生了改变；（2）幅度增加，但指向后效的鲁棒性降低；而且，至关重要的是，（3）稍微改变了对投掷任务的后遗传递。所以，