Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease that destructs insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells within the islets of Langerhans. The incidence of T1D has tripled over the last decades, while the pathophysiology of the disease is still largely unknown. Currently, there is no cure for T1D. The only treatment option consists of blood-glucose regulation with insulin injections and intensive monitoring of blood glucose levels. In recent years, perturbations in the ecosystem of the gut microbiome also referred to as dysbiosis, have gained interest as a possible contributing factor in the development of T1D. Changes in the microbiome seem to occur before the onset of T1D associated auto-antibodies. Furthermore, rodent studies demonstrate that administering antibiotics at a young age may accelerate the onset of T1D. This review provides an overview of the research performed on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, interventions, and possible treatment options in the field of the gut microbiome and T1D.

1 型糖尿病 (T1D) 是一种自身免疫性疾病，可破坏朗格汉斯胰岛内产生胰岛素的胰腺 β 细胞。在过去的几十年中，T1D 的发病率增加了两倍，而该疾病的病理生理学仍然在很大程度上未知。目前，T1D 无法治愈。唯一的治疗选择包括通过注射胰岛素来调节血糖和密切监测血糖水平。近年来，肠道微生物群生态系统的扰动也被称为生态失调，作为 T1D 发展的可能促成因素引起了人们的兴趣。微生物组的变化似乎发生在 T1D 相关自身抗体出现之前。此外，啮齿动物研究表明，在年轻时使用抗生素可能会加速 T1D 的发病。